Child & Adolescent Psychology - Chapter 13: Middle Childhood, Social and Emotional Development

PSYC 3370

latency stage

freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the 4th stage of psychosexual development

repression of sexual impulses and development of skills

industry versus inferiority

erikson’s psychosocial development, the 4th stage during middle childhood

mastery of tasks → industry, failure → inferiority

social cognition

development of the child’s understanding of the relationship between the self and others

self-esteem

the sense of value/worth that people attach to themselves

learned helplessness

an acquired/learned belief that one is unable to control their environment

corregulation

a gradual passing over of control from parent to child, starting in middle childhood

lesbian

a woman whose physical, romantic, and/or emotional attraction is to other women

gay

a person whose physical, romantic, and/or emotional attraction is to people of the same sex

LGBTQ

umbrella term for people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, or + (another gender identity/sexual orientation)

transgender

individuals whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth

• may undergo hormone treatments and/or cosmetic surgery, may not

pygmalion effect

a self-fulfilling prophecy, an expectation that is confirmed because of the behavior of those who hold the expectation

self-fulfilling prophecy

an event that seems to occur because of the behavior of those who expect it to occur

cyberbullying

the use of online media to transmit intimidating or threatening messages to a person or to psread intimidating information among the target’s peers

sexism

discrimination or bias against on the basis of their sex

sexual harrassment

unwelcome verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

conduct disorder

disorders marked by persistent breaking rules and violations of the rights of others

attributional style

the way in which one si disposed toward interpreting outcomes

ex: tending to place blame on oneself or on external factors

serotonin

a neurotransmitter associated with one’s mood regulation and ability to experience pleasure

involved in mood disorders like depression

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

an anxiety disorder in which anxiety is present continuously and is unrelated to the situation

phobias

irrational, excessive fears that interfere with one’s functioning

separation anxiety disorder (SAD)

an extreme form of normal separation that is characterized by anxiety about separating from parents

school phobia

fear of attending school, marked by extreme anxiety at leaving parents

does children’s self-esteem rise throughout middle childhood?

false, it declines throughout middle childhood and hits a low point at 12 or 13, before increasing during adolescence

should parents who are in conflict stay together for the kids?

false, it seems like children experience higher stress in this scenario

are the daughters of employed women are more achievement-oriented and set higher career goals for themselves than the daughters of unemployed women?

true, they do

are popular children in middle childhood more prosocial and do well in school?

true, they do

do teachers who have higher expectations of students elicit greater achievements form them?

true, through the pygmalion effect

do some children, like some adults, blame themselves for all the problems in their lives, whether they deserve the blame or not?

true, some children do

is it better for children with school phobia to remain at home until the origins of the problems are uncovered and resolved?

false, a phobia is usually irrational and should be confronted

are most survivors of child sexual abuse abused by strangers?

false, they are most usually abused by acquaintances/people they already know

erikson labels middle childhood the stage of what versus inferiority?

industry

accoridng to piaget, middle childhood coincides with the stage of what operations?

concrete operations

a key aspect of the development of social cognition is the ability to take the what of another person?

the perspective/viewpoint of another person

do children’s self-esteem increase or decrease during middle childhood?

decrease

does authoritarian or authoritative parenting contribute to high self-esteem in children?

authoritative

during the middle years, do parents do more or less monitoring of children’s activities and provide less direct feedback than they did in th epreschool years?

less

are the children of LGBTQ parents more likely to be straight and cisgender or gay or gender diverse?

straight and cisgender

do children of divorced parents most often experience upward or downward movement in financial status?

downward

do most children of divorce live with their mothers or fathers?

mothers

do boys or girls have a harder time coping with divorce?

boys

does research suggest that children are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior as a result of lack of supervision or maternal employment?

lack of supervision

as children move into middle childhood, are their activities and interests directed closer to or farther away from the home?

father away from home

are socially accepted children more mature or immature, along with outgoing and socially skilled for their age?

mature

are firstborn or later born children more likely to be socially accepted?

later-born

during middle childhood, is contact with members of the other sex often encouraged or discouraged by peers?

discouraged

do children from families with a higher or lower socioeconomic status have a more difficult time adjusting to school?

lower

do smaller or larger classes facilitate learning during middle childhood?

smaller

an experiment by rosenthal and jacobson suggests that teacher expectations can become what prophecies?

self-fulfilling prophecies

do boys or girls tend to be favored by teachers in the classroom?

boys

are conduct disorders more likely to be found among the biological or adoptive parents of children who conduct disorders?

biological

does self-perceived competence appear to protect children from or make children vulnerable to feelings of depression?

protect children from

do children with depression tend to have low or high levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain?

low

separation what disorder is similar to but not exactly the same as school phobia?

separation anxiety disorder

is separation anxiety the basis of all instances of school refusal?

it is not

are most sexually abused children boys or girls?

girls

is the prevalence of child sexual abuse greater or lesser than the number of reported cases?

greater

are girls or boys more likely to disclose episodes of child sexual abuse?

girls

did a meta-analysis of studies with some 11,000 participants found that children who were survivors of child sexual abuse were more or less likely to be able to regulate their emotions?

less

according to ChildSafe, should adults who learn that a child was sexually abused confront the alleged abuser?

should not

sigmund freud theorized that middle childhood was what stage of psychosexual development?

latency stage

erik erikson labeled the years of middle childhood as the stage of industry versus what?

inferiority

what is accurate concerning LGBTQ parents and their families?

most of their children are straight and cisgender

what is accurate concerning the children from divorced families?

stepchilren in supportive families may come to downplay the necessity of having biological parents

robert selman described 5 stages in children’s changing concepts of friendship, and middle childhood is characterized as the stage of what?

fair weather cooperation

what is accurate about bullying in school?

students who bully tend to come from homes in which there is domestic violence

a classic experiment by robert rosenthal and lenore jacobson suggested that teacher expectations do what?

can become self-fulfilling prophecies

in dealing with school refusal, caregivers are best advised to do what?

get the child back in school as soon as possible if school is safe

a nationally representative sample of more than 13,000 US children found what?

about ¾ children who were sexually abused were abused by other juveniles

approximately what percent of perpetrators of child sexual abuse are family members?

30%