Sleep and Hypnosis Chapter 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Circadian rhythm

changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis in many of our biological processes, including hormone release, brain waves, body temperature, and drowsiness

biological clock

neurons located in the hypothalamus make us feel drowsy at different times of the day and night

rapid eye movement (REM)

REM during sleep vivid dreaming happens the most/stage 5

sleep paralysis

being unable to move just after falling asleep or immediately on awakening

lucid dreaming

being aware that you’re dreaming

insomnia

(a) trouble falling asleep (regularly taking more than 30 minutes to doze off), (b) waking too early in the morning, and (c) waking up during the night and having trouble returning to sleep.

Narcolepsy

dramatic disorder in which people experience bouts of sudden sleep lasting anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes and, less frequently, as long as an hour

cataplexy

a complete loss of muscle tone. During cataplexy, people can fall because their muscles become limp as a rag doll

sleep apnea

Apnea is caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep

night terrors

Screaming, crying, perspiring, confused, and wide-eyed

Sleepwalking

waling while asleep

manifest content

Frued’s details of dream

latent content

Frued’s true hidden meaning

activation–synthesis theory

dreams reflect brain activation in sleep, rather than repressed unconscious wishes, as Freud claimed. Far from having deep, universal meaning, Hobson and McCarley maintained that dreams reflect the activated brain’s attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals during REM sleep.

neurocognitive theory

dreams are often rather ordinary, relate to waking concerns, show some stability over time, reflect our lived experiences and developing cognitive capacities, and can be very realistic

Hallucinations

realistic perceptual experiences in the absence of any external stimuli, and they can occur in any sensory modality

out-of-body experience (OBE)

near-death experiences (NDEs)

people who’ve nearly died or thought they were going to die

déjà vu

“altready seen”

Mystical experiences

feeling of oneness, often with spiritual overtones

hypnosis

interpersonal situation in which a person in the role of “hypnotist” administers imaginative suggestions to produce changes in consciousness in a person designated as the patient/client or experimental participants

Sociocognitive Theory

reject the idea that hypnosis is a trance state or unique state of consciousness. Instead, they explain hypnosis in the same way they explain everyday social behaviors

Dissociation Theory

a division of consciousness, in which attention, effort, and planning are carried out without awareness

past-life regression therapy

hypnotize and age-regress patients to “go back to” the source of their present-day problems.