Specific Phobia and Agoraphobia

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16 Terms

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Specific Phobia

Unreasonable and irrational fear of a specific object, animal, place, or situation

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5 Categories of Specific Phobia

Animal: snakes and spiders most common

Natural Environment: storms, heights, water, etc

Situational: flying, public transportation, elevators, etc

Blood-Injection-Injury: seeing blood or injury - can lead to fainting

Other

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Symptoms of Specific Phobia

  • intense fear or anxiety about the object, situation, etc. that is not in-line with the actual danger

  • avoidance of the object, situation, etc

  • clinical distress or impairment

  • immediate and intense fear when they encounter the object and the anxiety over the possibility of encountering the object


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What is the duration of symptoms for specific phobia?

6 months

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Agoraphobia

Fear of being in places where escape would be difficult or they wouldn’t receive help if needed

  • fear of embarrassing self if others notice their fear symptoms

  • can get to the point where they do not leave their house


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Examples of Agoraphobia

  1. Public transportation

  2. Crowded places


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Mowrer’s Two Factor Theory

CC leads to the fear and OC maintains it

  • Watson: Little Albert and the white rat


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Negative Reinforcement

Lessening of anxiety is reinforced by avoidant behaviors

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Observational Learning

Learn through models and their consequences/responses

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Prepared Classical Conditioning

Evolutionary history and biological preparedness conditions us quickly to specific objects

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Behavioral Treatments

Used to decrease/eliminate person’s fear

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Systematic Desensitization

Hierarchy of fears, relaxation techniques, exposure to hierarchy

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Modeling

Therapist models exposure to hierarchy

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Flooding

Intense exposure, use of relaxation techniques, quicker response but more difficult to convince clients to do

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Applied Tension Technique

Tensing of specific muscle groups to increase blood pressure and heart rate to keep those with blood-injection-injury type phobia from fainting

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Biological Treatments

Benzos for temporary relief