chem 111 - midterm 1

columns are equal to

groups

rows are equal to

periods

alkali metals and what are they

group 1A

• shiny solids that react violently with water

alkaline earth metals

group 2A

halogens

group 7A

noble gases

group 8A

what state are metals in at room temp

solid, except mercury

what state are non-metal elements at

solids or gases

• Br_2 is liquid

where are transition metals located

middle of the table

where are nonmetals located

hydrogen and the right side of the table

where are main group metals located

groups 1-5A

metalloids

boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium

ionic

metal (group 1A-3A) + nonmetal

transition metal + nonmetal
- metal gives up electrons, nonmetal takes them

covalent

two nonmetals that share electrons

predicting charges for nonmetals

group number - 18

what are isotopes

same element, same proton and electron numbers, but different number of neutrons

• mass changes

charge on an anion

group number - 8

Coulomb’s Law

F = (-kq1q2)/r²

F = electrostatic force between ios

k = Coulomb’s constant

q1, q2 = charges on the ions

r = distance between the centers of the ions

allotropes

elements that exist in more than one elemental forms

discrete atoms

group 8A elements in elemental form

metallic lattice

metals from group 1A, 2A

molecules

halogens (group 7A), oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

covalent network

carbon

percent yield

experimental yield mass/theoretical yield mass times 100

physical property/process

• density

• color

• melting point, boiling point

• condensation

• evaporation

• dissolving

chemical property

• reaction

• combustion/burning in air

• reaction with other compounds

• rusting

ng vs pg

ng - 10E-9 gram

pg - 10E-12 gram

mg - 10E-3 gram