✨midterm practice questions

improper horizontal angulation will result in

overlapped contacts

through the use of dental images, the dental radiographer can detect ____ that cannot be detected clinically

disease, lesions and conditions of the teeth and bones

true or false? an oral examination limits the practitioner to knowledge of what is seen clinically. Dental images allow the practitioner to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically

both statements are true

to avoid overlapped contact on a periapical image, what should you do

direct the x-ray beam through the inter proximal regions

when the kilo voltage is increased...

electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed

true or false? A primary advantage to digital imaging is the superior gray scale resolution that results. Digital imaging uses up to 32 shades of gray

first statement is true, second statement is false

a cone cut occurs when

the PID was not properly aligned with the periodical receptor holder

a sensor with a fiber optic cable linked to the computer is placed into the mouth and exposed to x-radiation, this is an example of

direct digital imaging

the CMS is defined as a series of intraoral dental images that shows

all edentulous and edentulous tooth nerving areas of the upper and lower jaws

your patient has asked why you prefer digital imaging to film. What would be the reason

the image appears almost simultaneously for both of us to view

the purpose of the anode is to

convert electrons into x-ray photons

how many exposures of the posterior teeth will you need to take when using the paralleling technique

8

your patient has a palatal torus, where should you place the receptor

on the far side of the tori

another term for infection control is _______, which means the absence of pathogens, or disease causing gmicroorganisms

asepsis

which of the following receptor holders include aiming rings that aid in the alignments of the PID with the receptor

Rinn XCP

according to the text, anterior periapicals are always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a ________ direction, and posterior periapicals the receptor is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a _____ direction

vertical, horizontal

the lead apron is

recommend for intraoral exposures

if milliamperage is increased, the density ______ and the image appears ______

increases and looks darker

parallel is defined as

moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance and not intersecting

when are bitewings and periapicals prescribed

as needed on a patient to patient basis

sensors that cannot be sterilized require what

complete coverage with disposable plastic sleeves for each patient

digital imaging uses ____ to produce an image

an electronic sensor and computerized imaging system

within the X-ray tube, electrons are generated by

the tungsten filament of the cathode

true or false? you can use dental images to help educate your patient on his dental caries and periodontal disease. You can also use dental images to help your patient see a picture of common conditions that cannot be seen clinically

both statements are true

according to the basic rules of paralleling, the central ray should be directed ____ to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth

perpendicular

when the distal surfaces of the canines are not visible on a premolar bitewing image, the solution is to

position the anterior edge of the receptor at the midline of the mandibular canine

the appearance of a patients finger on the image is called a

phalangioma

vertical bitewings are often used for patients with

bone loss

the binding energy or binding force of an electron is

determined by the distance between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus

which of the following statements is true of wavelength in reference to radiation

x-rays with longer wavelength have less penetrating power

a radiograph is defined as

a picture on film produced by the passage of x-ray through an object or body

infection control is critical in your dental operators because pathogens can be transmitted easily through what

your patient to you, you to your patient and patient to patient

the collimator does what

restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam

true or false? digital sensors can be disinfected, sterilized or placed in cold sterile or be placed in barriers. When using barriers, disinfect the sensor, cover both the sensor and the wire connect with the plastic barrier and than cover with a finger cot to provide added protection

first statement is false, second is true

to achieve parallelism between the receptor and the tooth, the ____ distance must be increased to keep the receptor parallel with the long axis of the tooth

object-receptor

radiolucent refers to that portion of a dental image that is

black

you are showing your patient a bite-wing image. Your patient points to the portion of the tooth that is the most radiopaque, what are they pointing to

enamel

which of the following images is used to evaluate the crown, roots and supporting bone of a tooth

periapical

is it true that a receptor holder is required when using the intraoral paralleling technique

yes

when should you wear a mask and safety glasses

when spatter and aerosolized sprays of blood and saliva are likely

millimaperage regulates the ____ of electrons produced at the cathode filament

quantity

when determining vertical angulation, if the PID is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed ______, the vertical angulation is ______

downward, positive

blurred images appear on the dental image when

the patient most likely moved

short teeth with blunted roots appear in the image when

the vertical angulating is excessive

you have noticed that your mandibular incisors are foreshortened, how would you correct the problem

decrease the vertical angulation

an underexposed receptor will result from

insufficient exposure time

the bitewing image is used in the

inter proximal examination

true or false? radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space ore substance in the form of waves or particles. radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state

both statements are true

when teeth on you patients image appear very radiopaque and the periodontium and tissue appear very radiolucent, your image has what

high contrast

what percentage less is the exposure time for digital compared to film

90% less

how much less exposure does digital compare to film

50-90% less exposure to radiation during digital

a beam alignment device can be used to help the dental radiographer position the PID in relation to the _____ and the receptor

tooth

a nucleus of an atom contains

protons and neutrons

according to the basic principles of the paralleling technique, the receptor is placed in the mouth _____ to the length axis of the tooth being x-rayed, and the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed _____ to the receptor and long axis of the tooth

parallel, perpendicular

to minimize dimensional distortion, the object and receptor must be ____ to one another

parallel

added filtration in the dental x-ray tube head does what

results in a more penetrating useful beam

thermionic emission of electrons occurs at the

tungsten filament in the cathode

to correct a dental image where apices do not appear

the teeth should be firmly in contact with the bite block to make sure the receptor is placed all the way to the apices

you notice that your maxillary premolar are elongated, how would you correct this

increased vertical angulation

critical instruments are defined as

instruments that are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone

know this image

you have to retake a dental image on you patient because the image is too light and is undiagnostic. Could you increase the exposure time to increase the density?

yes

true or false? high bacterial and mycotic spores are not killed during disinfection procedures. however, high resistant bacterial and mycotic spores are killed during sterilization

both statements are true

could Hep B, cytomegalovirus, HIV and Herpes simplex virus be present in the oral cavity?

yes

patogens are

microorganism that are capable of causing disease

true or false? it is your responsibility to maintain competence in taking dental images; taking CE courses is one example. You should always do your best to properly position and expose receptors in a manner that is accurate, time efficient and comfortable for your patient

both statements are true

dental images are a ______ of comprehensive patient care

necessary component

according to the inverse square law, the intensity of radiation is ______ proportional to the ______ from the source of the radiation

inversely, square of the distance

true or false? radiation legislation varies greatly from state to state. for examples in some states a dental radiographer must successfully complete a radiation safety exam before they expose dental x-rays

both statements are true

in order to avoid the primary beam, you should stand at a ____ degree to _____ degree angle to the beam

90-135

state and federal laws require the dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kV to have a minimum total aluminum filtration of ____ mm

2.5

is it true that dentulous adult recall patients who are not at increased risk for caries should have posterior bitewings taken at 24-36 month intervals

yes

true or false? interaction with the x-ray photon as a result of the photoelectric effect is harmful to the patient because ionization occurs

true

what is the most common possibility when an x-ray photon interacts with matter

Compton scatter

Is it true that characteristic radiation only occurs at 70 kV and above

yes

a ion pair results when

an electron is removed from an atom

in terms of ionization, is it true that when an atom gains an electron it has negative charge and when an atom loses an electron is has a positive charge

yes

which subatomic particle carries a negative electrical charge

electron

who exposed the first dental radiograph in the US on a live person

C. Edmund Kells

your patient has a shallow palate, you should modify your technique when there is a lack of parallelism less than_____

20 degrees