Sport Psychology: Organizations, Motivation, Climates, and Research

What does NASPSPA stand for?

North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity.

What does ISSP stand for?

International Society of Sport Psychology.

What is Division 47?

The Society for Sport, Exercise & Performance Psychology within the American Psychological Association.

What does SHAPE stand for?

Society of Health and Physical Educators.

Who is an important early contributor to sport psychology?

Dorothy Harris.

What emerging field studies the brain and sport performance?

Sport neuroscience.

What is contextual intelligence?

Critical for applying sport psychology knowledge effectively in real-world situations.

How should professionals stay current in sport psychology?

Read the literature and attend conferences.

What is achievement motivation?

The direction and intensity of one's effort.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Motivation that comes from within.

What is extrinsic motivation?

Motivation driven by external rewards or pressures.

What is amotivation?

Lack of motivation.

What can extrinsic rewards sometimes do to intrinsic motivation?

Extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation.

What theory explains motivation based on psychological needs?

Basic Psychological Needs Theory.

What are the Basic Psychological Needs?

Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness.

When do rewards decrease intrinsic motivation?

When rewards are perceived as controlling.

When do rewards increase intrinsic motivation?

When they contribute to an internal locus of causality.

What signals that rewards may be harmful to motivation?

When they are perceived to be controlling or suggest the person is not competent.

What is controlling coaching?

A coaching style that is coercive, pressuring, and authoritarian.

What behaviors characterize controlling coaching?

Excessively monitors athletes, marginalizes athlete input, uses intimidation.

What is a motivational climate?

The psychological environment created by coaches, teachers, or leaders that influences motivation.

What are characteristics of a mastery-focused climate?

Cooperation is encouraged, mistakes are part of learning, high effort is valued.

What is an ego-involving climate?

A motivational climate emphasizing winning and outperforming others.

What positive outcomes are associated with mastery climates?

Sportspersonship, favorable ratings of others, empathy, intrinsic motivation.

What physiological marker of stress was mentioned?

Inflammation (IL-6).

What has elevated inflammation been linked to?

Basic Psychological Need frustration, threat appraisal, negative affect.

What psychological experience is associated with stress responses?

Experience and stress.