OBGYN Ultimate Study Guide

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Contains both gastrointestinal and internal female reproductive organs.

Sigmoid Colon

Terminal portion of the large intestine leading into the rectum.

Uterus

Primary muscular reproductive organ situated centrally in the pelvic cavity.

Fallopian Tubes

Bilateral conduits extending laterally from the uterine cornua.

Ovaries

Bilateral female gonads suspended within the pelvic cavity.

Retroperitoneal Structures

Organs located behind the peritoneum, including kidneys, rectum, urinary bladder, and ureters.

Bladder Flap

Fold of peritoneum between the uterus and urinary bladder.

Uterine Anatomy

The structure of the uterus, where blastocyst implantation and fetal development occur.

Fundus

Convex upper portion of the uterine body situated superior to the fallopian tube openings.

Cervix

Lower, narrow, fibrous portion of the uterus that acts as a doorway communicating with the vagina.

Perimetrium

The outer serous covering of the uterus, continuous with pelvic peritoneum.

Myometrium

Thick, middle layer of the uterine wall, made of smooth muscle fibers.

Endometrium

Innermost mucosal layer of the uterus that proliferates and sheds during menstruation.

Round Ligaments

Paired fibrous cords that maintain the uterus in its normal position.

Broad Ligaments

Double-layered peritoneal folds that stabilize reproductive structures.

Cardinal Ligaments

Ligaments providing transverse support to the cervix and upper vagina.

Uterosacral Ligaments

Connect cervix and upper vagina to the anterior sacrum.

Fallopian Tubes

Muscular conduits that convey the ovum from the peritoneal cavity to the uterus.

Fimbriae

Fingerlike projections that guide the ovum into the fallopian tube.

Estrogen

Hormone that promotes development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

Hormone that prepares and stabilizes the endometrium for pregnancy.

Vulva

External female genitalia.

Menstrual Cycle

Standard cycle length averaging 28 days, coordinated by hormonal interactions.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

Stimulates development and maturation of ovarian follicles.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Triggers follicle rupture and ovulation.

Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear

Cytological screening used to detect abnormal cervical cells.

Hysteroscopy

Transcervical endoscopic examination of the uterus.

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

Involves dilation of the cervical canal and scraping of the endometrial lining.

Cervical Cerclage

Placement of a non-absorbable ligature around the cervix to maintain closure.

Radical Hysterectomy

En bloc excision of the uterus, cervix, upper vagina, and surrounding tissue.

Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy

Enucleation of an ovarian cyst while preserving ovarian function.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation of the blastocyst outside the uterine cavity, often in the fallopian tube.

Placenta Previa

Condition where the placenta covers the cervical os, leading to potential complications.

Cord Prolapse

Umbilical cord slips ahead of the presenting fetal part, risking fetal hypoxia.

Nuchal Cord

Umbilical cord wrapped around the fetal neck.

Laparoscopic-Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)

Combined endoscopic-vaginal procedure for hysterectomy.

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)

Surgical removal of the uterus through a midline abdominal incision.

Myomectomy

Surgical removal of uterine fibroids while preserving the uterine structure.

Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair

Surgical repair of an abnormal communication between the bladder and vagina.

Marsupialization

Surgical technique to treat Bartholin gland cyst.

Simple Vulvectomy

Complete excision of external vulvar tissue.

Excision of Condyloma Acuminata

Removal of anogenital warts associated with HPV.