chem week 1 notes (light/waves/energy, quantum numbers, atomic spectra)

what are the 3 properties of waves (& the relationships)

wavelength, frequency, amplitude

wavelength: how long the wave is (distance btwt 2 peaks)

• red: low energy, long λ

• purple: high energy, shorter λ
  
  

Frequency: cycles per second 1/T

• inc frequency, inc energy waves, short (dec) λ

• Period: how much time ONE cycle takes 1/f

• changing f or λ changes the colour

•  frequency and wavelength of the light defines the energy of each INDIVIDUAL photons

Amp: high or low wave. changes brightness.

• inc amp = inc brightness

• # of photons present

Light behaves as a….

wave and also a particle. The energy of each of these particles r dictated by the frequency of wavelength of the light (A PHOTON)

equation for energy of a photon

The photoelectric effect

• 1 photon transfers its energy to one electron & has leftover kinetic energy

• Inc frequency = higher kinetic energy of ejected electrons

• Inc intensity = sending MORE photons

what are the 4 quantum numbers

s, p, d, f orbitals and their shapes + probability

what is penetration

how close an electron in a subshell can get to the nucleus

closer an e- gets to nucleus, less shielding, inc zeff

what is ground state n=? what is n=inf

n = 1, closest to nucleus
n = inf, electron is emitted from atom. energy is 0

absorption vs emission spectrum

absorption: electron absorbs a photon and moves to a higher energy lvl

emission: electron emits a photon and loses energy and moves to a lower energy lvl