Thẻ ghi nhớ: IEI-AD-Finance and Business

decline (n/v)

Sub-topic: Business news.

Decrease.

(The island's population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual ................... until only 40 people were left.)

profit (n)

Sub-topic: Business news.

Money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid.

(The Profitboss encourages unconventional ways of making ..................., encouraging his people to be creative and take initiative.)

allocate (v)

Sub-topic: Business news.

To use something for a particular purpose, give something to a particular person etc, especially after an official decision has been made.

(It is a process whereby scarce resources are ................... among competing powers and claimants.)

budget (n)

Sub-topic: Business news.

The money that is available to an organization or person, or a plan of how it will be spent.

(Mum always worked out the household ................... according to what we could afford.)

go into production

Sub-topic: Business news.

To begin being made.

(Next year's car models have already ................... .)

dividend (n)

Sub-topic: Business news.

A part of a company's profit that is divided among the people with shares in the company.

(Profits reinvested in the corporation are available to finance future growth of the corporation or to pay future ................... .)

sound (adj)

Sub-topic: Business news.

Reasonable.

(Throughout the eighties some officials displayed a tendency to overdo the latest idea, often itself not particularly ................... .)

hike (n)

Sub-topic: Business news.

Rise.

(In addition to simple rage over the ................... in water bills, other issues fueled the recall movement.)

bottom line

Sub-topic: Business news.

The final line in the accounts of a company or organization, stating the total profit or loss that has been made.

(This hike in prices will seriously affect the ................... .)

balance the books

Sub-topic: Business news.

To show that the amount of money a business has received is equal to the amount spent.

(All supply people dreamed of a way to ............................... once and for all-without all that trading and shuffling.)

receiver (n)

Sub-topic: Business news.

A person or company who you call in to manage your debt and assets after you go bankrupt.

(We have no intention of calling in the ................... yet, we hope that we can clear our debt.)

chair the committee

Sub-topic: Business news.

If someone chairs the committee, they're in charge of it.

(Given the limited number of council members, nearly every member of the council has, in effect, the opportunity to ................... .)

meet target

Sub-topic: Business news.

Achieve what you're trying to achieve.

(They say they are already well on the way to ................... for the first quarter.)

stimulate (v)

Sub-topic: Business news.

To encourage or help sb/sth to begin or develop further.

(Her interest in art was ................... by her father, who is a pianist.)

manufacturer (n)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

A company that makes large quantities of goods.

(Read the ................... instructions before using your new dishwasher.)

found (v)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

To start something such as an organization, company, school, or city, often by providing the necessary money.

(................... in 1935 in Ohio, Alcoholics Anonymous is now a world-wide organization.)

exploit (v)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

To treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return - used to show disapproval.

(Measure are being taken to stop employment agencies ................... foreign workers desperate to find a job.)

gap in the market

Sub-topic: Successful business.

A product or service that does not exist, so that there is an opportunity to develop that product or service and sell it.

(Part of the skill of successful development is in identifying and satisfying ................... which offer higher than usual returns.)

retain (v)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

To keep something or continue to have something.

(Schools around the state say they're having a hard time attracting and ................... teachers, especially in certain fields.)

crucial (adj)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

Important.

(The ................... factor in their relationship was their unshakeable faith in each other.)

innovative (adj)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

An ................... idea or way of doing something is new, different, and better than those that existed before.

(Both Johansson and Reddy reached their conclusions by using a simple, yet ........................ approach.)

case (n)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

Situation.

(In ................... like this, the company has to be sold off to someone who can cope with the debt.)

contract (n)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

A written legal agreement.

(Tyler has agreed a seven-year ................... with a Hollywood studio.)

keep ahead (of sb)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

Stay in front of sb.

(We've worked with different manufacturers, and this has helped us to ................... .)

alter (v)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

To partly change sth.

(We've had to ................... our evacuation plans to deal with the flood.)

adapt (v)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

To change sth so that you can use it in a different situation.

(We've ................... the product for the Asian market.)

refine (v)

Sub-topic: Successful business.

To change sth a little to make it better.

(They have ................... the products over several trial and error.)

marketing campaign

Sub-topic: Business.

A series of actions intended to promote sth.

(The company has launched a new ................... in order to introduce the new television model.)

cover (v)

Sub-topic: Business.

Be able to pay for sth.

(Business must be able not only to ................... but increase their running costs in order to maximise profits.)

labourer (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

Someone whose work needs physical strength, for example building work.

(Nick found work as a ................... at a construction site.)

staff (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

The people who work for an organization.

(Our library ................... will be happy to help if you are unable to find the book you want.)

demand for

Sub-topic: Industry.

A very firm request for something that you believe you have the right to get.

(Their ................... higher salaries is still not replied.)

bust/recession (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

A difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual.

(Hopes are still expressed that old manufacturing industries will re-employ all those previously made redundant as soon as the economic ................... is over.)

shop floor

Sub-topic: Industry.

The area in a factory where the ordinary workers do their work.

(They were, in fact, star workers whose performance on the ................... was being rewarded with a weekend in paradise.)

expenditure (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

The total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time.

(The lack of enthusiasm for social ................... in the Treasury produced a remarkable lack of foresight in such matters.)

white-collar

Sub-topic: Industry.

White-collar workers have jobs in offices, banks etc rather than jobs working in.

(The economic recession has put many ................... workers in danger of losing their jobs.)

take on

Sub-topic: Industry.

Hire.

(We've ................... 50 new workers for our new branch.)

inflation (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

A continuing increase in prices, or the rate at which prices increase.

(The governor of the Bank of England would have to write to the chancellor to explain why ................... had overshot its target.)

interest (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

Money paid to you by a bank or financial institution when you keep money in an account there.

(John had put his grandfather's money in the bank, and was getting $400 a month in ................... .)

monopoly (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

If a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it.

(For years Bell Telephone had a ................... on telephone services in the US.)

deficit (n)

Sub-topic: Industry.

The difference between the amount of something that you have and the higher amount that you need.

(A balance of payments ................... or surplus was defined by the sign of the rate of change of a central bank's foreign exchange reserves.)

GNP

Sub-topic: Industry.

(Gross National Product) The total value of all the goods and services produced in a country, usually in a single year.

(If the project is successful it could account for at least 10% of the Philippines' ................... within five years.)

VAT

Sub-topic: Industry.

(Value-Added Tax) A tax added to the price of goods and services in Britain and the EU.

(A pensioner will become eligible to pay ................... on any income above £57.15 per week.)

take root

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

If an idea, method, activity etc takes root, people begin to accept or believe it, or it begins to have an effect.

(Despite the great enthusiasm for American methods, Fordism, as it was becoming known, did not ................... in Germany.)

poverty (n)

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

The situation or experience of being poor.

(Seven out of every 10 Guatemalans live in dire ................... and half cannot read or write.)

eradicate (v)

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

To completely get rid of something such as a disease or a social problem.

(All over the world, the spread of the globalized monoculture is forcefully ................... ecosocial forms of culture that evolved in place.)

access to

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

The right to enter or use.

(They believe that everyone should have ................... adequate medical care, regardless of cost.)

pursue (v)

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

To conduct or devote oneself to.

(He chose to ................... his research abroad because local ecology had already been comprehensively studied.)

incur (v)

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

If you incur a cost, debt, or a fine, you have to pay money because of something you have done.

(The foundry has been operating at less than 50% capacity and has ................... significant operating losses.)

debt relief (n)

Sub-topic: Aid and development.

An arrangement in which very poor countries do not have to pay back all the money that has been lent to them by richer countries.

(Eight countries that have received ................... are still paying more on their debts than on health and education.)

restrictive practices

Sub-topic: Trade and cooperation.

The placing of unfair restrictions.

(Free trade agreements often causes disputes between countries, especially when one ocuntry thinks the other is engaged in ................... .)

sanction (n)

Sub-topic: Trade and cooperation.

Official permission, approval, or acceptance.

(Too many franchisors are able to abuse their market power and contractual obligations without any effective ................... under the current law.)

embargo (n)

Sub-topic: Trade and cooperation.

An official order to stop trade with another country.

(Yet the Western powers had no stomach for imposing an oil ..................., the one non-military step that promised eventual results.)

monetary (adj)

Sub-topic: Trade and cooperation.

Relating to money, especially all the money in a particular country.

(In addition to the ................... settlement, Price Pfister will also help fund a lead education program for consumers.)

lift (v)

Sub-topic: Trade and cooperation.

To remove a rule or a law that says that something is not allowed.

(The government plans to ................... its ban on cigar imports.)

war-torn (adj)

Sub-topic: Economic difficulties.

Being destroyed by war.

(After all, nothing could be worse than the ..................., economically deprived, famine stricken homelands which they left behind.)

ail (v)

Sub-topic: Economic difficulties.

To worsen one's state.

(Serve this Mexican-style soup with tortilla chips and diced avocado as a sure cure for whatever may ................... you!)

devaluation (n)

Sub-topic: Economic difficulties.

The value reduction of one country's money when it is exchanged for another country's money.

(Runaway inflation is already baked in the cake, and protecting your assets from ................... should be your number one priority.)

revaluation (n)

Sub-topic: Economic difficulties.

The process of altering the relative value of a currency or other standard of exchange.

(Analysts say with the prospect of RMB appreciation, more investors are choosing to purchase the currency hoping to benefit from the ................... .)

slump (v)

Sub-topic: Economic difficulties.

To suddenly go down in price, value, or number.

(The ................... in prices was largely attributed to inferior quality tea being produced by various India gardens.)

double-dip (adj)

Sub-topic: Economic difficulties.

Serious fall in prices.

(So unless there is a deep ................... recession, the future for traditional commercial television looks less grim than it has for some time.)

raise capital

Sub-topic: Finance.

To find the money you need to start a business.

(Those enterprises that have managed to maintain good investment-grade credit ratings may be able to ................... by selling convertible bonds.)

cash flow

Sub-topic: Finance.

The movement of money into and out of a business.

(Besides the modest income banks will receive in coupon payments on the bonds, banks have no other source of ................... .)

loan (n)

Sub-topic: Finance.

An amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc.

(My main income is two pensions, but my wife has a well-paid job and is willing to finance the building through a personal ................... .)

take out

Sub-topic: Finance.

To obtain by application by a legal or other official process.

(Holiday operators sometimes insist that customers must ................... their own insurance. )

turnover (n)

Sub-topic: Finance.

The amount of money taken as sales transacted in a given period.

(These savings accrue from improved productivity and safety performance, as well as reduced ...................)

supplement (n)

Sub-topic: Managing your finances.

Add sth to sth to make it larger or better.

(You may need to ................... your income by getting some kind of part-time work.)

stay/keep afloat (v)

Sub-topic: Managing your finances.

Have enough money to operate or stay out of debt.

(Although they had provisions to last a few days, they subsisted on bare minimum of rice gruel for energy to ................... .)

clear your debt

Sub-topic: Managing your finances.

Pay your debt in full.

(If you get into debt, try to ................... as soon as possible)

run up huge debts

Sub-topic: Managing your finances.

Continuing to spend and therefore owing a large amount of money.

(You may have to economise when things are difficult, which is far better than ................... .)

outstanding (adj)

Sub-topic: Managing your finances.

Not yet solved.

(Always seek advice from your bank about how to clear ................... debts and pay back loans.)

overdraft (n)

Sub-topic: Managing your finances.

The amount of money you owe to a bank when you have spent more money than you had in your account.

(Two weeks later he got a letter from his bank saying he was past his ................... limit and a payment to his HSBC credit card had been bounced.)

fraud (n)

Sub-topic: Financial disputes.

The crime of stealing or otherwise illegally obtaining money by use of deception tactics

adj. fradulent.

(She told police that she was homeless and had taken part in the ................... to earn some money.)

default on repayment

Sub-topic: Financial disputes.

Fail to pay a debt.

(But if borrowers ..................., banks are obliged to call in loans.)

write off

Sub-topic: Financial disputes.

To officially say that a debt no longer has to be paid, or officially accept that you cannot get back money you have spent or lost.

(The Inland Revenue ................... £900 million in unpaid taxes.)

cost-cutting (adj)

Sub-topic: Financial disputes.

The act of reducing one's spending.

(Quality and service should not suffer in any way due to this ................... exercise.)

falsify (v)

Sub-topic: Financial disputes.

Change sth (documents, etc.) in order to deceive people.

(After finding an unqualified buyer, they'd ................... mortgage applications and employment histories just to get a bank to say yes to a loan.)

a golden opportunity

Sub-topic: Management.

A great chance to do sth.

(We have ................... to boost exports, and a second real-time opportunity is reshoring.)

sell like hotcakes

Sub-topic: Management.

If things are ..................., a lot of people are buying them.

(Although Mr. Saw's impressionistic oils of market scenes sell like hotcakes in a local gallery, his passion is painting the human body.)

a household name

Sub-topic: Management.

A person or thing whose name is very well-known.

(She has been the nearest thing to royalty in the British ballet world for the past 19 years, ................... known by bus driver and banker alike.)

put/throw a spanner in the works

Sub-topic: Management.

To do something that prevents a plan or activity from succeeding.

(Someone is trying to ................... but we won't allow them to disrupt the rebuilding job we are doing here.)

hands-on (adj)

Sub-topic: Management.

Hands-on experience or work involves actually doing a particular thing, rather than just talking about it or getting someone else to do it.

(Not enjoying the more technical aspects of the course, she decided to focus on styling, which called for a more ................... approach to design.)

make a name for yourself

Sub-topic: Management.

To become well-known or famous.

(If you want to carve your name in stone and really ..................., America is a place that you have to conquer.)

corner the market

Sub-topic: Management.

If a company corners the market in a particular type of product, it is more successful than any other company at selling the product.

(You do this because you want people to eat proper food, not because you want to ................... and be the only supplier.)

tricks of the trade

Sub-topic: Management.

Methods that help you to do a job better or faster.

(Journalists have to learn ................... quickly if they want to get the good stories.)

in the red

Sub-topic: Management.

Spending more money than you earn.

(This is the first time the company has been ..................., after previously churning out profits in its operations.)

amalgamate (v)

Sub-topic: Management.

To join or unite to form a larger organization or group, or to make separate organizations do this.

(The dispossession of the peasantry gave landlords a golden opportunity to ................... small plots into large farms.)

savvy (adj)

Sub-topic: Money.

Having or showing practical knowledge and experience.

(Teenagers are ................... about handling their digital information than adults.)

tight budget

Sub-topic: Money.

Not have enough money to spend.

(Being a student is the reason why I'm on a ................... . Therefore, I can't buy a lot of luxurious items.)

get by

Sub-topic: Money.

To be able to live or deal with a situation with difficulty, usually by having just enough of something you need, such as money.

(We can ................... with four computers at the moment, but we'll need a couple more when the new staff arrive.)

set aside

Sub-topic: Money.

To save sth for later use.

(Every month I ................... some money to save for my upcoming business.)

a rainy day

Sub-topic: Money.

A time when money might unexpectedly be needed.

(Once those paychecks start rolling in, don't forget to save something for ................... as well as your retirement!)

build a nest egg

Sub-topic: Money.

To have a savings for the future.

(A solid financial plan and a savings account to cover living expenses for at least three months can help keep that anxiety in check and ................... for the future.)

take the plunge

Sub-topic: Money.

Decide to do sth, especially after thinking about it for a long.

(When I have an eye for a shirt that is a bit expensive, I will ................... and buy it immediately.)

shop till they drop

Sub-topic: Money.

To do a lot of shopping.

(From sneakers to sandals, from high-tops to high heels, shoes make many teens ................... .)

payday (n)

Sub-topic: Money.

The day on which a worker receives their pay.

(He occasionally spends too much on alcohol on a night out, resulting in a diet of macaroni cheese or baked beans until his next ................... .)

tighten their belt

Sub-topic: Money.

To spend less money.

(I have had to ................... since I lost my job at the ice cream factory.)

cost next to nothing

Sub-topic: Money.

To be very cheap.

(It will no longer be able to make huge profit margins on CDs that ................... to manufacture.)

money doesn't grow on trees

Sub-topic: Money.

Said to warn someone to be careful how much money they spend, because there is only a limited amount.

("Mum, I'd like a new bike." "I have to think about it - ..................., you know!")

meagre (adj)

Sub-topic: Money.

(of amounts or numbers) very small or not enough.

(Although she was managing to get by on the ................... salary she drew tutoring primary-school children after school, it most likely wouldn't last.)