AP HUG Unit 2

People don’t settle in the 5 “toos”, which are:

too hot, cold, wet, hilly, or dry

good settling factors

low elevation, fertile soil, near water, temperate climate

vocab: Ecumene

habitable areas of the world

3 factors that influence distribution of population

economic, social/cultural, political

Economic factor

job opportunities, access to natural resources

social/cultural factor

housing availability, safety, transportation, religion/language, feeling of belonging and community

political factor

authoritarianism (single leader, less rights) vs. personal freedoms, human rights, empowerment

safe and secure elections

what are 3 ways that geographers calculate population density?

arithmetic, physiological, agricultural

arithmetic

total population/land area

physiological

total population/arable land

agricultural

farmers/arable land (economic development rather than population distribution)

vocab (connected to physiological): carrying capacity

max population size that can be supported by resources without damaging environment or sustainability efforts

high population density=

low population density=

densely settled

sparsely settled

region population density is a result of peoples

preferences and choices

some decisions and things based off of density and distributions are

business locations, manufacturing plants, living situations, government and private services (schools, police, fire department)

boundaries changing due to the change of density and distribution is known as

redistricting

vocab: infrastructure

structures that allow people to carry out every day activities (sewer, electric grid, road, bridge)

high density places (towns and cities) have these characteristics:

more facilities, denser housing units, better cost efficiency, higher contamination and disease

lower density places (rural areas) have these characteristics:

less facilities, spread out housing, decreased access to services, lower contamination and disease

influence of time

can change carrying capacity, density, environmental problems

population structure/composition

what % of population is what?

refers to characteristics of population such as politics, society, and economy

population pyramids show:

structure/composition of a location

assesses population growth/decline, predicts market changes

*used at city and country scales*

dependency ratio

nonworking/dependent age group divided by working age group

what is the average rule of age for dependent age group

under 15, over 65

impacts of high dependency ratio:

dependent people: not earning income, don’t pay taxes

working people: higher taxes, stress

lens of analysis can be represented by these three lenses:

economic, social, political

economic lens of analysis involves these details:

-elderly pay less taxes because of no income

-elderly supported by gov retirement funds (taxes)

-increasing life expectancy= increasing healthcare needs

social lens of analysis involves these details:

-living facilities

-babysitting

-family structure and responsibilities

political lens of analysis involves these details:

-elderly are most often most active political group

-they have different perspective on political issues (due to not working)

gender ratio

proportion of males to females in population (important to look at with multiple scales)