AH105 ch4 muscular system

bi-

A prefix meaning twice, double, or two.

clon/o

A prefix meaning violent action.

dys-

A prefix meaning bad, difficult, or painful.

fasci/o

A prefix referring to fascia or fibrous band.

fibr/o

A prefix meaning fibrous tissue or fiber.

-ia

A suffix indicating an abnormal condition or disease; plural of -ium.

-ic

A suffix meaning pertaining to.

kines/o, kinesi/o

Prefixes meaning movement.

-lysis

A suffix meaning to set free or break down.

my/o

A prefix meaning muscle.

-plegia

A suffix meaning paralysis or stroke.

tax/o

A prefix meaning coordination or order.

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Prefixes referring to tendon, stretch out, extend, or strain.

ton/o

A prefix meaning tone, stretching, or tension.

tri-

A prefix meaning three.

What is abduction?

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

What is adduction?

The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

What is adhesion?

The abnormal union of bodily tissues, often due to inflammation or injury.

What is ataxia?

A lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements.

What is atonic?

Referring to a lack of muscle tone or strength.

What is atrophy?

The wasting away or decrease in size of a body part, often due to disuse.

What is bradykinesia?

Abnormally slow movement.

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to pain and numbness.

What is chronic fatigue syndrome?

A complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that doesn't improve with rest.

What is circumduction?

A circular movement of a limb that involves flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

What is compartment syndrome?

A condition in which increased pressure within a muscle compartment compromises blood flow and function.

What is contracture?

The permanent tightening of muscles and tendons, leading to restricted movement.

What is dorsiflexion?

The movement that brings the foot closer to the shin.

What is dyskinesia?

Abnormal, uncontrolled, and involuntary movements.

What is dystonia?

A movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions and abnormal postures.

What is electromyography?

A diagnostic procedure that assesses the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them.

What is epicondylitis?

Inflammation of the tendons surrounding the elbow, commonly known as tennis elbow.

What is ergonomics?

The study of people's efficiency in their working environment.

What is fasciitis?

Inflammation of the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles.

What is fibromyalgia?

A condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness.

What is a ganglion cyst?

A noncancerous lump filled with jelly-like fluid that often develops along the tendons or joints.

What is hemiparesis?

Weakness on one side of the body.

What is hemiplegia?

Paralysis of one side of the body.

What is a hernia?

A condition in which an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place.

What is hyperkinesia?

Excessive movement or activity.

What is hypotonia?

Decreased muscle tone or tension.

What is impingement syndrome?

A condition where the shoulder tendons are intermittently trapped and compressed during shoulder movements.

What is innervation?

The supply of nerves to a specific body part.

What is insertion?

The point at which a muscle attaches to the bone that it moves.

What is intermittent claudication?

Pain in the legs or buttocks during exercise due to inadequate blood flow.

What is muscular dystrophy?

A group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles.

What is myasthenia gravis?

An autoimmune disorder that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.

What is myoclonus?

A sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

What is myofascial release?

A manual therapy technique used to relieve tension in the fascia.

What is myoparesis?

Weakness of muscle strength.

What is myorrhaphy?

Surgical suturing of a muscle.

What is neuromuscular?

Relating to the interaction between nerves and muscles.

What is oblique?

Referring to muscles that are not parallel to the body's midline.

What is origin?

The fixed attachment point of a muscle.

What is paralysis?

Loss of the ability to move a part of the body.

What is paraplegia?

Paralysis of the lower half of the body.

What is a physiatrist?

A medical doctor specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

What is plantar fasciitis?

Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain.

What is polymyositis?

An inflammatory disease causing muscle weakness and pain.

What is pronation?

The inward roll of the foot during normal motion.

What is quadriplegia?

Paralysis of all four limbs.

What is sarcopenia?

The loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging.

What is a shin splint?

Pain along the shin bone, often due to overuse.

What is singultus?

The medical term for hiccups.

What is a sphincter?

A circular muscle that constricts or closes a bodily passage.

What is a sprain?

An injury to a ligament caused by stretching or tearing.

What is tendinopathy?

A condition involving damage to a tendon.

What is tenodesis?

Surgical procedure to stabilize a joint by anchoring a tendon.

What is tenolysis?

Surgical procedure to free a tendon from adhesions.

What is tenosynovitis?

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

What is tenotomy?

Surgical cutting of a tendon.

What is torticollis?

A condition where the neck muscles contract, causing the head to twist to one side.

What is transverse?

Referring to a plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts.