Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Reproductive Systems, and Human Sexuality Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering female and male reproductive anatomy, human sexuality, sexual response phases, maternal and child health nursing roles, theories, and family structure concepts.

Health Promotion (PMRR)

The phase of maternal and child health nursing focused on educating clients when no risk is present to optimize wellness, such as teaching teens about safe sex before they become active.

Health Maintenance (PMRR)

The phase of maternal and child health nursing where intervention occurs when a risk is present to protect the client, such as teaching active teens about contraception and STI prevention.

Health Restoration (PMRR)

The phase of maternal and child health nursing involving direct care provided when a patient is already sick to help them recover, such as caring for a child battling pneumonia.

Health Rehabilitation (PMRR)

The phase of maternal and child health nursing guiding patients to prevent further complications and achieve their best possible state of health, such as supporting someone after a molar pregnancy.

FaCE Framework

The philosophical foundation of maternal and child health nursing standing for Family-Centered, Community-Centered, and Evidence-Based care.

CAEC Roles

The four primary roles of a maternal and child health nurse: Care Provider, Advocate, Educator, and Counselor.

Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)

An advanced practice nurse who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care, frequently managing normal deliveries.

Nurse Practitioner (NP)

A nurse with advanced training who can assess, diagnose, and manage care, sometimes holding authority to prescribe medications.

Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

An expert in a specific area of nursing practice who focuses on improving care quality through research, teaching, and clinical leadership.

Neonatal Nurse Practitioner (NNP)

An advanced-practice nurse skilled in caring for well and ill newborns in level 1, level 2, or level 3 nurseries, follow-up clinics, or physician groups.

Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)

An advanced-practice nurse who provides healthcare to women, children, and the family as a whole.

Adaptation Model of Nursing

A theory created by Callista Roy viewing patients as constantly adapting beings in a changing environment, where nurses assist families in adapting to changes.

Self-Care Deficit Theory

A theory developed by Dorothea Orem focusing on assisting patients with actions they cannot perform independently.

Novice to Expert Theory

A theory developed by Patricia Benner describing how nurses evolve from beginners to experts through clinical experience and skill acquisition.

ADPIE

The acronym representing the five steps of the nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

SDG 3

The Sustainable Development Goal for Good Health and Well-Being, aiming to reduce global maternal mortality to less than $70$ per $100{,}000$ live births and lower neonatal mortality to at least $12$ per $1{,}000$ live births by 2030.

Female Reproductive System Anatomy

The anatomical structures including the oviduct, ovary, uterus, cervix, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, urethral opening, vaginal opening, and anus.

Mons Veneris / Pubis

A pad of adipose tissue located over the symphysis pubis covered by pubic hair, designed to protect the pubic bone joint from trauma.

Labia Majora

Two rounded folds of fatty tissue containing sebaceous and sweat glands that protect the external genitalia, distal urethra, and vagina, homologous to the male scrotum.

Labia Minora

Two hairless folds of connective tissue located inside the labia majora that turn dark red or dark pink during stimulation due to vascular congestion.

Clitoris

A small rounded organ of erectile tissue measuring $5 - 6\,mm$ long by $6 - 8\,mm$ across located at the forward junction of the labia minora, serving as the center for sexual arousal and orgasm in females.

Vestibule

A flattened smooth surface inside the labia from which the openings of the urethra and vagina arise.

Bartholin's Glands

A pair of pea-sized glands located in the labia majora that secrete clear, viscid mucus during sexual excitement, homologous to Cowper's glands in males.

Skene's Glands

A pair of paraurethral glands lying on each side of the female urethra that produce mucus, homologous to the male prostate.

Fourchette

The ridge of tissue formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and labia majora, which may be cut during an episiotomy.

Perineum

The muscular area located posterior to the fourchette that stretches during childbirth to allow passage of the fetal head.

Hymen

A tough, elastic semicircle of connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium that partially covers the opening to the vagina in childhood.

Ovary

The female gonad measuring approximately $4\,cm$ long, $2\,cm$ in diameter, and $1.5\,cm$ thick, containing $200{,}000$ to $400{,}000$ follicles at birth and secreting estrogen and progesterone.

Ovarian Layers Diagram

The structural composition of the ovary consisting of the outer germinal epithelium, dense tunica albuginea, functional cortex containing follicles, central medulla, and stroma.

Fallopian Tubes

Slender structures extending from the uterus that transport mature ova from the ovary to the uterus and serve as the site for fertilization.

Ampulla of Fallopian Tube

The longest segment of the fallopian tube measuring $5\,cm$ in length where fertilization of the ovum typically occurs.

Infundibulum of Fallopian Tube

The funnel-shaped distal segment of the fallopian tube measuring $2\,cm$ in length rimmed with fimbriae that guide the ovum into the tube.

Fundus of Uterus

The upper portion of the uterus between the attachment points of the fallopian tubes, palpated to measure uterine growth and contraction strength.

Isthmus of Uterus

The short segment between the uterine body and cervix that enlarges during pregnancy and is incised during a cesarean section.

Cervical Mucosa Functions

Secretion of $20 - 60\,mL$ of mucus daily to provide lubrication, act as a bacteriostatic agent, and offer an alkaline environment to protect sperm.

Myometrium

The thick middle muscular layer of the uterus composed of three layers of smooth muscle that contract under the influence of oxytocin during labor.

Endometrium

The vascular inner mucosal layer of the uterus composed of the stratum functionalis (shed during menstruation) and the deeper stratum basalis.

Areola

The darkly pigmented area surrounding the nipple containing elevated sebaceous glands known as Montgomery's tubercles.

Gynecomastia

An enlargement of male breast tissue that represents a normal change during puberty, most evident in obese boys.

Biologic Gender

Chromosomal sexual development designated as male ($XY$) or female ($XX$).

Gender Identity

An individual's inner sense of being male or female.

Gender Role

The behavior an individual conveys to society regarding being male or female.

Heterosexuality

Sexual fulfillment found with a member of the opposite gender.

Homosexuality

Sexual fulfillment found with a member of one's own sex, typically referred to as gay for men and lesbian for women.

Bisexuality

Achieving sexual satisfaction from both homosexual and heterosexual relationships.

Transexuality

A state where an individual of one biological gender feels they should belong to the opposite gender.

Celibacy

Abstinence from sexual activity to concentrate on giving and receiving love through non-sexual means.

Transvestism

Dressing in clothing of the opposite sex to adopt their role.

Voyeurism

Achieving sexual arousal by observing another person's body.

Sadomasochism

Achieving sexual satisfaction through inflicting pain (sadism) or receiving pain (masochism).

Exhibitionism

The act of revealing one's genitals in public.

Erectile Dysfunction

The inability to produce or maintain an erection sufficient for vaginal penetration or partner satisfaction.

Premature Ejaculation

Ejaculation occurring prior to penile contact.

Vaginismus

Involuntary contraction of the muscles at the vaginal outlet when coitus is attempted, prohibiting penetration.

Dyspareunia

Pain experienced during coitus, which can be caused by conditions such as endometriosis.

Excitement Phase

The initial stage of the sexual response cycle caused by erotic stimulation leading to parasympathetic stimulation, vasocongestion, erection, and lubrication.

Plateau Phase

The second phase of the sexual response cycle lasting 30 seconds to 3 minutes, featuring increased muscle tension, clitoral retraction, and formation of the orgasmic platform.

Orgasmic Phase

The climax phase lasting 3 to 15 seconds, characterized by rhythmic pelvic muscle contractions occurring at $0.8\text{ second}$ intervals and semen expulsion in males.

Resolution Phase

A 30-minute period following orgasm during which genital organs return to an unaroused state and males undergo a refractory period.

Mesonephric Ducts

Embryonic ducts that develop into male reproductive structures.

Paramesonephric Ducts

Embryonic ducts that develop into female reproductive structures.

Androgenic Hormones

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex and testes responsible for muscular development, physical growth, and sebaceous gland secretions.

Corpora Cavernosa

Two dorsal erectile tissue bodies in the shaft of the penis that become engorged with blood during erection.

Corpus Spongiosum

The midventral erectile body of the penis that surrounds the urethra and expands distally to form the glans penis.

Scrotum

A loose pouch of skin suspended from the perineum containing the testes, maintaining testicular temperature $3^\circ\text{C}$ ($1^\circ\text{F}$) below body temperature.

Leydig Cells

Interstitial cells located in the testes responsible for producing testosterone.

Seminiferous Tubules

Coiled tubules inside the testicular lobules responsible for producing spermatozoa.

Epididymis

A tightly coiled tube approximately $20\,\text{ft}$ long where sperm mature over $12 - 20$ days and are stored, taking $64$ days total to reach maturity.

Vas Deferens

A $40\,cm$ tube carrying sperm from the epididymis through the inguinal canal to the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.

Seminal Vesicles

Two convoluted pouches along the posterior bladder surface that secrete viscous fluid rich in fructose to nourish sperm and enhance motility.

Prostate Gland

A chestnut-sized gland located below the bladder encircling the urethra, secreting an alkaline fluid to protect sperm from urethral acidity.

Cowper's Glands

Two small bulbourethral glands beside the prostate that secrete alkaline fluid making up $5\%$ of semen to neutralize urethral acidity.

Semen / Seminal Fluid

A thick, creamy white fluid ($2 - 6\,mL$ per ejaculate) containing $20 - 160\text{ million}$ sperm per milliliter along with seminal plasma.

Nuclear Family

A primary family structure consisting of parents and their offspring.

Extended Family

A family structure composed of nuclear family members plus relatives such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles.

Blended Family

Existing family units that join together to form new families, also referred to as step or reconstituted families.

Cohabitating Family

A family structure composed of unrelated individuals or families living under one roof, also called a communal family.

Intragenerational Family

A family structure where children continue living with their parents after having their own children, or grandparents move in with grown children.

Family Systems Theory

A theory developed by Dr. Murray Bowen stating that individuals cannot be understood in isolation, but as interconnected parts of an emotional family unit.

Genogram

A symbolic family diagram depicting structure, relationship characteristics, and significant dates across generations.

Unitive Aspect of Sexuality

The purpose of sexual relations in marriage that strengthens the bond between spouses and expresses love.

Procreative Aspect of Sexuality

The purpose of sexual relations in marriage that maintains openness to creating new life.