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Anulus fibrous
outer portion of intervertebral disc

nucleus pulposus
center of the intervertebral disc

vertebral end plates
Cover superior and inferior surfaces of disc

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
extend through the length of the spinal column and bind the bodies of the vertebrae together

ligamentum flavum
connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

intraspinous ligament
between spinous processes

supraspinous ligaments
Connects tips of spinous processes from C7 to sacrum

ligamentum nuchae
Continues supraspinous ligament (C7 to skull)

Rheumatoid arthritis
arthritis is driven by internal inflammation that can erode bone and cartilage
- earlier age onset

Osteoarthritis
inflammation of the bones and joints
- gradual breakdown of protective joint cartilage and underlying bone
- older ages
