World History Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the World History review notes.

Confucianism

System of thought and behavior, that Song China used to maintain and justify its rule.

Imperial Bureaucracy

System of government in Song China where officials carried out the emperor's policies.

Neo-Confucianism

Revival of Confucianism with hierarchical structure and positions based on merit.

Meritocracy

Positions based on merit not nobility within Neo-Confucianism in Song China.

Chan Buddhism

Combination of Buddhism with traditional Chinese traditions and ideas.

Champa Rice

Fast-growing rice from Champa kingdom that strengthened the Song economy.

Grand Canal

Transportation of goods from Beijing to Hangzhou.

Dar al-Islam

Areas with Islamic influence facilitated by military expansion, merchants, literate officials, and the Sufi movement.

Sufi Movement

Mystical branch of Islam that spread Islam by adapting to local traditions.

Delhi Sultanate

Islamic empire in North India with majority Hindu population that imposed a tax called Jizya.

Jizya

Tax imposed by the Delhi Sultanate on the Hindu population.

Vijayanagara Empire

Hindu empire in South India.

Tenochtitlan

Cosmopolitan urban center of the Aztecs.

Tribute System

Decentralized system in the Aztec empire used to exert dominance.

Swahili

Language and culture that developed through Indian Ocean trade, a blend of Bantu and Arabic.

Feudalism

Decentralized political system in Europe with a hierarchy from king to peasants/serfs.

Manorial System

Economic system in Europe with serfs tied to the land.

Three-field System

Agricultural innovation that led to population explosion in Europe.

Silk Roads

Networks of exchange that facilitated trade of luxury goods and grew cities like Kashgar and Samarkand.

Caravanserais

Inns for merchants along the Silk Roads.

Paper Money

Lighter than gold ans silver and facilitated more trade.

Diasporic Communities

Settlements created by people living apart from their homeland, fostered by Indian Ocean trade.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade route across the Sahara Desert facilitated by the Arabian camel.

Mansa Musa

Ruler of Mali who monopolized trade between north and south.

Ibn Battuta

Muslim scholar who traveled all over Dar al-Islam, his travels facilitated by trade routes.

Bubonic Plague

Disease spread through increased interconnection from trading routes.

Gunpowder Empires

Land-based empires that expanded through the use of gunpowder, like the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires.

Janissaries

Elite fighting force in the Ottoman empire made up of young Christian boys converted to Islam.

Devshirme System

Ottoman system of recruiting young Christian boys for the military.

Divine Right

European kings claimed right to rule.

Zemindars

Official tasked with tax collection.

Zamindar Tax Collection System

Mughal system where zamindars were granted authority to tax people living on their land.

Tax Farming

Ottoman wealthy people would bid to tax people.

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther denounced RCC for corruption, leading to Lutheranism.

Council of Trent

RCC responds with Catholic Reformation/Counter Reformation.

Sikhism

Syncretic religion blending Islamic and Hindu elements.

Astrolabe

Maritime technology borrowed by Europe from the Greeks and Muslims.

Lateen Sails

Maritime technology borrowed by Europe from the Mediterranean.

Magnetic Compass

Maritime technology borrowed by Europe from China.

Portuguese Caravel

Fast boat owned by the Portuguese, with decent cargo space.

Dutch Flout

Boat owned by the Duich, with a lot of cargo space.

Dutch VOC

Dominated trade on Indian Ocean.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of animals, plants, foods, and diseases from Europe to the Americas and vice versa.

Encomienda System

Coerced labor systems implemented by the Spanish in the Americas drawing from Aztec traditions.

Hacienda System

Coerced labor systems implemented by the Spanish in the Americas drawing from Aztec traditions.

Mita System

Coerced labor systems implemented by the Spanish in the Americas drawing from Incan traditions.

Mercantilism

Economic policy where wealth is measured in gold and silver.

Joint Stock Company

British East India Company and Dutch East India Company.

Triangular Trade

Trade network connecting Europe, West Africa, and the Americas.

Syncretism

Blending of religions, such as Christianity with Native American beliefs.

Maratha Revolt

Hindu warriors revolted against Mughals.

Pueblo Revolt

Pueblo and Apache Indians revolted against Spanish.

Spanish Casta System

Hierarchical social classification in Spanish colonial America based on perceived racial ancestry.

Enlightenment

European movement shifting belief from religious belief to data and observation.

Nationalism

Common…

Industrial Revolution

Change in how things were made for sale, no longer made by hand, by machine.

Specialization of Labor

Rise of unskilled laborers.

Free Market Capitalism

Abandoned mercantilism.

Adam Smith

Wealth of nations.

Labor Unions

For factory workers.

Collective Bargaining

Minimum wage laws, shorter days, five day work week, overtime pay.

Karl Marx

Against capitalism.

Communism

Classless society.

Tanzimat Reforms

Industrialize, eliminate corruption, maintain some Ottoman traditions.