music appreciation midterm

strings

violin viola cello

woodwinds

flute oboe clarinet

brass

trumpet trombone tuba

percussion

drums triangle cymbal

monophonic

one melody, unison

polyphonic

multiple parts/melodies

octave

8 note space

motif

a recurring “themette” throughout the piece

legato

smooth and connected

staccato

short and separated

meter

time signature

tempo

speed at which piece is played

allegro

fast tempo

presto

fanfare-ish, quickly

accelerando

speed up

consonance

notes sound good together

dissonance

notes sound out of place or incorrect

forte

loud

piano (dynamic)

quiet

crescendo

get louder

fuge

one “voice” introduces a theme, then other voices follow in turn with it

symphony

for orchestra, usually four movements - fast/slow/dance/fast

concerto

for orchestra with soloist, usually three movements - fast/slow/fast

opera

orchestra, soloist, chorus, stages - originated in Florence as an attempt to imitate Greek drama

oratorio

orchestra, soloist, chorus, just performed as a concert - often on Biblical subject

sonata

for solo instrument or for solo instrument with piano, often in three movements - fast/slow/fast

sonata form

exposition — development — recapitulation

Beethoven

classical to romanic periods (1770-1827), known for his 5th symphony, 9th symphony (using ode to joy), and moonlight sonata

Mozart

classical period (1756-91); child prodigy, wrote symphonies, piano music, operas (including Don Giovanni)

Haydn

classical period (1732-1809); wrote the “surprise” symphony and The Creation oratorio

Bach

baroque period (1685-1750); a lot of organ music, concertos, church music - no operas

Handel

baroque period (1685-1759); german, spent last half of his life in england, wrote Messiah

Beethoven #5 symphony

Beethoven’s 9th Symphony

Clair de lune; Debussy

Spring; Valvaldi