gradient, rate of change, cause & effect, feedback loops, graphs and heat transfer

Heat transfer

flow of energy from a region of high heat to a region of low heat

Source

produces heat

Sink

absorbs heat

Conduction

The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching. (Heats thin layer of atmosphere gases near surface)

convection

transfer by flow of a heated substance (gas or fluid) (Warm, low density rises. Cold, high density sinks)

radiation

transfer of energy through empty space by electromagnetic waves, transmits through all matter. (Higher temp = shorter wave length)

gradient formula

change in field value / distance ( high gradient = steep. low gradient = flat)

circle graph

displays data must have all the data (100%) wedges represent individual categories by % of 100

how to create a circle graph?

Always begin at "12 noon" position on the top of the circle always segment the circle largest % to smallest %, in a clockwise direction

Line graph

displays the relationship between 2-3 variables, useful for forecasting/predictions based on trend patterns

direct relationship

when 2 variables change in the same manner (ex: one increase, other increases.)

inverse relationship

when two variables change in the opposite manner (ex: one increases, other decreases)

cyclic relationship

when a variable displays a repeating pattern

positive feedback loop

a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified

negative feedback loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving, go back to normal state.

feedback loops

cyclic process where outputs become the inputs for the next iteration, allows for regulation & adaptation for the future

Gradient definition

the closeness of the lines reveals the rate of changes in the variable ( lines closed = steep/rapid. lines far apart = gentle/slow change)

closed loops -

identify areas of maximum or minimum values for the variable patterns/relationships

patterns/relationships

help recognize connection that may not be obvious from raw data

flow and direction

isolines show the direction off movement from H to L concentration

R of C formula

change in variable / time

Bar graph

to visually compare amounts, counts, or percentages across different groups or categories.