lecture 2 diagnosis - clinical psychology

over lecture slides

percent of people who meet criteria for mental disoder

75%

inclusion criteria

distress, functional impairment/disability

distress

painful or upsetting

functional impairment/disability

impairment in ability to perform daily activities

exclusion criteria

acceptable behavior, cultural response, political, religious

mental disorder associated with what criteria

inclusion

diagnostic and statistical manuals (DSM)

contains lists of symptoms and diagnostic criteria for mental disorders

DSM three contents

clinical diagnosis, psychosocial and contextual factors, disability

key components of diagnostic criteria

symptoms, distress or impairment, rule-outs

goals of DSM

to organize, describe, and communicate about clinical phenomena

strengths of DSM

promote research in psychopathology, allow clinicians to communicate

4 researches in psychopathology

epidemiology, etiology, course, treament

epidemiology

disorder distribution in population

etiology

causes of disorder

course

how disorder plays out over time

treatment

development and evaluation

concerns about DSM

mental disorders are common, not based on empirical data, potential bias

4 main areas of concern

the structure of psychopathology

issues with reliability and validity

heterogeneity within disorder

comorbidity between disorders

categorical

don’t have a disorder or do, consistent with DSM

dimensional

mental illness is a matter of degree, inconsistent with DSM

reliability

consistency

validity

accuracy

inter-rater reliability

consistency of diagnostic judgements across raters/therapists

homogeneity

individuals with a diagnosis share the same symptoms

heterogeneity

variability of symptoms profiles within diagnosis

problem with heterogeneity

people with different symptoms may have the same disorder

issue with heterogeneity

challenge the validity of current models

comorbidity

co-occurence of diagnoses