English Grammar, File Management, and Belize Colonial History

Comprehensive practice flashcards defining core vocabulary terms from English sentence mechanics, computer file management, and early colonial Belizean history.

Simple sentence

A sentence that contains only one independent clause, expresses a complete thought, and does not contain a dependent clause.

Compound sentence

A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses joined together to express related ideas.

FANBOYS

An acronym used to remember the seven coordinating conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So.

File Management

The process of creating, organizing, saving, renaming, moving, copying, and deleting files and folders on a computer.

Folder

An essential container that helps categorize and store files in a logical manner to simplify navigation and improve workflow.

Save

A command that updates changes made to an existing document in its current location.

Save As

A command that allows a user to save a document with a different name, in a different location, or in a different file format.

File Name

The name given to a document when saving it.

Location (File Management)

The specific folder where a document is saved.

Rename

To change the name of an existing file or folder.

Copy

Creates a duplicate of a selected file, folder, or text without removing the original.

Cut

Removes a selected file, folder, or text from its current location temporarily so it can be moved somewhere else.

Paste

Places copied or cut content into a new location.

File Path

The specific location or address that shows where a file or folder is stored on a computer and tells the user how to locate it.

Restore

The process of returning a deleted file or folder from the Recycle Bin to its original location on the computer.

File

A collection of data or information stored on a computer under a specific name, containing text, images, videos, audio, or other information.

Maya collapse

A period around 900 AD characterized by rapid climate change, prolonged droughts, soil depletion, social unrest, and the abandonment of major city-states.

Halach unichs

Regional Maya lords who collected tribute from subordinate communities following the decentralization of society after the collapse.

Inter caetera

A 1493 Papal Bull issued by Pope Alexander VI granting Spain authority to take all lands west and south of a pole-to-pole line 100 leagues west and south of the Azores or Cape Verde islands.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 that appropriated Central America to Spain.

Gonzalo Guerrero

A shipwrecked Spaniard who integrated into Maya society, married Xsasil Ha, produced four children, and taught the Maya military tactics to defend their territory from the Spanish.

Jeronimo de Aguilar

A Spanish shipwreck survivor kept alive alongside Gonzalo Guerrero in 1511, who later gained his freedom after being ransomed by Hernan Cortez.

Entrada

A term referring to the initial military entry into an area carried out by the Spanish.

Encomienda

A colonial system in which Spanish conquerors controlled native settlements (such as Chanlacan, Chetumal, Colmotz, Lamanai, and Tipu) and forced them to pay tribute in goods like cotton, honey, beeswax, corn, and cacao.

Visitia churches

Churches developed by Franciscan priests during the 1620s in Belizean settlements including Tipu, Zac Zus, and Lamanai.

Logwood (palo de tinta)

A valuable dyewood taken to Europe that attracted British buccaneers to raid Spanish ships, pilfer coastal stockpiles, and permanently settle in Belize.

Godolphin Treaty (Treaty of Madrid)

A 1670 agreement between the British and Spanish that outlawed piracy, opened the Americas to British colonization, and ceded all lands currently in British possession to Britain.

Peter Wallace

A buccaneer driven from Tortuga by the French who, according to historical accounts, deliberately founded a settlement at the mouth of the Belize River around 1650.