Helminthology - Lecture 1 Practice Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover the primary families, species, larval stages, and clinical conditions associated with parasitic helminths as described in the helminthology lecture notes.

Helminthology

The study of worms parasitic to vertebrate animals, including their morphology, biology, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and control.

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A phylum containing flat worms that are bilaterally symmetrical and leaf or ribbon-like.

Class Trematoda

Flukes; they are leaf-shaped, unsegmented, and possess an alimentary tract.

Class Cestoda

Tapeworms; they are segmented and do not possess an alimentary canal.

Phylum Nemathelminthes

A phylum comprising round-bodied or cylindrical worms with radial symmetry and usually separate sexes.

Flame Cell

The excretory cell in trematodes that collects waste products from its surroundings for excretion.

Gynaecophoric canal

A longitudinal groove in the body of the male Schistosoma where the small adult female resides permanently.

Metacercaria

The larval stage of a trematode that is encysted on vegetation or in a second intermediate host, specifically the stage ingested by the definitive host.

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Commonly known as the Lancet fluke or Lesser Liver Fluke; it resides in the bile ducts of sheep, goats, and other ruminants.

Formica

The genus of ants that serves as the second intermediate host for Dicrocoelium dendriticum.

Platynosomum fastosum

Known as the Lizard poisoning fluke; it occurs in the liver of cats and utilizes lizards as second intermediate hosts.

Eurytrema pancreaticum

A fluke found in the pancreatic ducts of sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalo, primarily in eastern Asia and Brazil.

Black disease

A complication of Fasciola gigantica infection with Clostridium novyi, also known as Liver rot.

Family Opisthorchiidae

Small to medium-sized flukes possessing weak suckers, parasitic in the gall-bladder and bile-ducts of reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Clonorchis sinensis

The Oriental or Chinese liver fluke; eggs possess prominent shoulders and an abopercular knob, measuring $27-35$ by $12-20\,\mu m$.

Fasciola hepatica

The common liver fluke; it has prominent shoulders, converging margins, and simple medial branches of the intestinal caeca.

Fasciola gigantica

The most common liver fluke of ruminants in Asia and Africa; it features less prominent shoulders and T or Y shaped medial branches.

Fascioloides magna

The American Deer Liver Fluke; an oval, thick, flesh-colored worm measuring $23-100\,mm$ long.

Fasciolopsis buski

A large, thick-set fluke without shoulders that occurs in the small intestine of humans and pigs in southern Asia.

Head collar

A characteristic feature of Family Echinostomatidae; it surrounds the oral sucker and bears a single or double row of spines.

Echinostoma revolutum

A fluke found in the rectum and ceca of aquatic birds and humans; its head collar bears $37$ spines.

Echinochasmus perfoliatus

A fluke occurring in the intestines of dogs, cats, foxes, and pigs; the head crown bears $24$ spines in a single row.

Fessikh

Traditional salted fish in Egypt associated with human infection by Heterophyes heterophyes.

Prosthogonimus

A genus of flukes that occurs in the bursa of Fabricius, oviduct, and posterior intestine of bird hosts.

Salmon poisoning

A disease caused by Neorickettsia helminthoeca, transmitted by the fluke Nanophyetus salmincola.

Paragonimus westermanii

The Lung fluke; it inhabits cystic cavities in the lungs and produces eggs coughed out in sputum described as "coffee dregs."

Paramphistomum cervi

A pear-shaped 'conical fluke' occurring in the rumen and reticulum of sheep, goats, and cattle.

Gastrothylax crumenifer

A rumen fluke characterized by the presence of a very large ventral pouch extending over the whole ventral surface.

Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus

A 'saucer-shaped' fluke found in the large and small intestines of equines, pigs, and warthogs.

Schistosoma japonicum

The most pathogenic human blood fluke; adult females are prolific layers depositing up to $3,000$ eggs daily, sometimes reaching the brain.

Schistosoma mansoni

A blood fluke common in Africa and South America; infection often causes ascites, resulting in a "swollen belly."

Schistosoma haematobium

A blood fluke found in the veins of the urinary bladder; it causes hematuria (blood in urine) and is strictly a human parasite.

Swimmer's Itch

Also called cercarial dermatitis; an allergic skin rash caused when non-human schistosome cercariae penetrate human skin and die.