CLU 121 - Class Glossary

aboriginal

name given to the native group of people that inhabit a space

hispaniola

the name of the island that contains Haiti and the DR

Antilles

group of islands within the caribbean which include cuba, hispaniola, puerto rico, and more

manioc, yucca, cassava

crops grown and eaten by the taino

ciboney

indigenous group that hunted, fished, and gathered. first known migrants to inhabit hispaniola

ingeri/saladoid

brought ceramics from venezuela

arawak

indigenous groups that inhabit the tropical forests of south america

taino

the group that inhabited the island when europeans arrived in 1492, known for being great farmers

caribes

the name of the group of navigators who hunted with bow and arrow but were known for eating taino

solidarity

the unity or agreement of feeling or action among individuals with common interests

cacique

a local leader of an indigenous people

behique

a priest or healer often described as a witch doctor or shaman

petroglyph

ancient, symbolic images carved and preserved into stone

la navidad

la isabela

factoria

a factory, as used by the portuguese in their colonies and outposts, was essentially a trading station that served as a way for the crown to control and profit from trade. locals could sell goods for export, the crown charged its tax, the portuguese businessmen made profit. it was a system that permitted all parties to profit

the catholic monarchs

ferdinand and isabella (king and queen of spain who financed columbus)

repartimiento

distribution of native people to spanish colonists as “serfs”

encomienda

land area owned by spanish where they can force labor of natives, but provide military protection and instruction

cimarron/cimarrones

escaped slaves

bartolome de las casas

dutch west indian company

founded in 1621 by dutch investors to challenge spanish power

tortuga

island near hispaniola where french and english settlers established communities

francois levasseur

french leader who took control of tortuga in 1640

spanish attack on tortuga

january 1654, spanish forces attacked tortuga and destroyed buildings and crops to drive our french settlers

economic decline of santo domingo

santo domingo experienced poverty and economic hardship due to failed crop production, limited trade, and governmental corruption

ingenios

sugar mills and plantations

canarios

people from the canary islands

situado

royal allocated funds sent from the spanish empire

treaty of aranjuez

an agreement between the french and spanish clonies to allow trade of livestock without tax, also solidified the border of hispaniola

cabildo

spanish colonial administrative council that governed municipality

rigadores

members of the spanish municipal council

saint domingue

the french side of the island

santo domingo

the spanish side of the island OR the capital of that side

mulatto

mixed race: African and European bloodlines

creole

the offspring of europeans born in the new world. no racial mixing allowed

toussaint l’ouverture

coup d’etat

fancy word for a government overthrow

trinitarios

nationalist group who sought to end haitian rule of the dr

reforma

military resistance to haitian rule in the dr

port-au-prince

capitol of haiti

separatists

those who actively advocate for independence from the rule of another nation

manifesto

a written statement containing the beliefs and ideologies of a certain group or movement

polyglot

someone who speaks multiple languages

haitian creole

french-based language spoken in haiti

merengue

style of music and danced that is everywhere in the dominican republic

batey

dominican word for little villages (often/always) with agricultural focus

motoconcho

dominican word for motorcycle taxi

pigeon peas

another staple of dominican food. they are kind of like a pea/lentil/bean thing. mixed with rice if you are having a lucky food day

son

cuban style of music. it was popular in the black/poor area of cuba before gaining widespread acceptance in the 20th century

cocolo

word used in spanish-speaking caribbean countries to describe afro-carribbean english speakers who have come to their country (such as a jamaican living in puerto rico)

customs revenues

money the government collects from taxes on imported and exported goods

external debt

money a country owes to other countries or foreign leaders

improvement company

an american company that controlled some dominican customs income and was owed money by the dominican government

caudillo

a powerful political or military leader who was loyal to followers

monroe doctrine

a u.s. policy opposing european interference in the americas

financial protectorate

when a country has significant control over another countrys finances

dominican-american convention of 1907

an agreement that gave the united states control over dominican customs revenues and limited some dominican financial decisions

horacistas

supporters of political leader horacio vasquez

jimenistas

supporters of political leader juan isidro jimenes

dominical national guard/police

instituted in april 1917, tasked with creating a body of native troops to control revolutionary movements after the departure of u.s. marines

terrenos comuneros

translates to common lands, sugar companies wanted to expand acreage to include these

“dance of the millions”

prosperous period between 1914 and 1920 in which dominican republic sugar industries boomed due to a lapse in foreign sugar productions

gavilleros

movement of nationalist peasant guerillas in the east

campesinos

peasants, forcibly removed/cheated out of their land by foreign sugar companies

consejo de estado

seven member governing body that exercise both legislative and executive powers

civilian-military junta

governing council where military officers and politicians share power

triumvirate

political structure controlled by three different individuals working together

coup d’etat

sudden, illegal, and often violent overthrow of a sitting government by a small group from within the state

fallo historico

histiric ruling, landmark ruling, or landmark decision