APEL FLASH CARDS

KEY

Tone Words

Appeals️

Rhetorical Choices

Style/Stylistic Choices

logos

an appeal to logic and reason

ethos

an appeal to credibility, character, or ethics

pathos

an appeal to emotions and shared values of audience

enthusiastic

showing intense excitement, interest, or approval

satisfied

expressing contentment or pleasure with an outcome

polite

showing courteous, respectful, and considerate behavior

comforting

serving to soothe, console, or ease grief and anxiety

optimistic

disposed to take a hopeful and favorable view of the future

approving

expressing warm endorsement or favorable judgment

amused

entertained and finding something comical or humorous

cheery

bright and upbeat

authoritative

commanding, confident, and reflecting expert knowledge or power

matter-of-fact

direct and strictly focused on factual reality rather than emotion

instructive

focused on teaching, directing, or explaining

sincere

genuine, honest, without intentions of deceit

objective

unbiased and uninfluenced by personal feelings

serious

addressing matter as important, without humor

nonchalant

casual and seemingly unconcerned

indifferent

lacking any interest or preference, perhaps detatched

defeated

demoralized and accepting of failure

annoyed

irritated, slightly angry, or bothered

indigant

expressing righteous anger as a result of injustice

disgusted

expressing extreme dissapproval or distaste

foreboding

suggesting something bad will occur soon in the future

melancholy

a feeling of prolonged pensive gloom

sorrowful

deeply mourning or grieving from loss

belittling

dismissive and derogatory towards a certain group or individual, treating them as inferior

SPACECATS

Speaker - entity delivering message

Purpose - goal of speaker

Audience - intended and unintended recipients of message

Context - circumstances leading up to production and delivery of message

Exigence - specific event that triggered production and delivery of message

Choices - deliberate decisions by writer or speaker

Appeals - three persuasive strategies that hook the audience (ethos, logos, pathos)

Tone - speaker’s attitude towards a subject

Subject - general topic of message

problem/solution (mode)

identifies something wrong and proposes remedy

process analysis (mode)

explains how something is done

narration/description (mode)

tells a story, appeals to senses

division and classification (mode)

separates things into categories

cause and effect (mode)

observes instigating moments and outcomes

definition (mode)

establishes common meaning

exemplification (mode)

provides valuable evidence

juxtaposition

places two contrasting ideas or elements besides each other to highlight their differences

allusion

an indirect reference to something well known to enrich meaning and connection with shared knowledge

analogy

an extended comparison between two seemingly distinct things