nursing research exam 2 (chp 9)

sampling

selection of a portion of the population to represent the entire population

sampling bias

overrepresenting or underrepresenting population segment in terms of key characteristics

representative sample

a sample whose key characteristics closely approximate those of the population - a sampling goal in quantitative research

nonprobability sampling

does not involve selection of elements at random; is rarely representative of the population

probability sampling

involves random selection of elements: each element has an equal, independent chance of being selected

convenience sampling

selecting the most conveniently available people as participants

quota sampling

identifying population strata and figuring out how many people are needed from each stratum

consecutive sampling

recruiting all people from an accessible population over a specific time interval

purposice sampling

handpicking sample members

simple random sampling

researchers establish a sampling frame a list of population elements

stratified random sampling

the population is first divided into two or more strata, from which elements are randomly selected

systematic sampling

involves the selection of every kth case from a last, such as every 10th person on a patient list

time sampling

sampling of time intervals for observation

event sampling

observation of integral events; requires researchers to either know when events will occur or wait for their occurrence