Matter & Chemistry Science 9

What does WHMIS stand for?

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

How many WHMIS symbols are listed in the document?

10 symbols

WHMIS Symbol: Flammable

Indicates fire hazards such as flammable gases, liquids, or solids.

WHMIS Symbol: Gas Cylinder

Indicates gases under pressure.

WHMIS Symbol: Skull & Crossbones

Indicates acute toxicity and potential fatal or toxic effects.

WHMIS Symbol: Exclamation Mark

Indicates less serious health hazards or skin irritation.

WHMIS Symbol: Biohazardous

Indicates biohazardous infectious materials.

WHMIS Symbol: Oxidizing material

Indicates materials that can cause other materials to burn.

WHMIS Symbol: Corrosive

Indicates corrosive damage to metals, skin, and eyes.

WHMIS Symbol: Health Hazard

Indicates severe long-term health hazards.

WHMIS Symbol: Environmental

Indicates toxicity to the aquatic environment.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass.

What are the two main categories of matter?

Pure substances and mixtures.

What is a pure substance?

Matter made up of only one type of substance.

What is an element?

A basic building block of matter that cannot be broken down.

What is a compound?

2 or more elements chemically combined.

What is a mixture?

Matter made of multiple pure substances whose particles do not chemically combine.

What is a heterogeneous (mechanical) mixture?

A mixture where you can see the different substances.

What is a homogeneous mixture (solution)?

A mixture that appears as one substance.

What is a suspension?

A cloudy mixture where tiny particles are held within another and will separate.

What is a colloid?

A cloudy mixture where particles of one substance are held within another and won't separate.

Solid to Liquid phase change name?

Melting

Liquid to Solid phase change name?

Freezing

Liquid to Gas phase change name?

Evaporation

Gas to Liquid phase change name?

Condensation

Solid to Gas phase change name?

Sublimation

Gas to Solid phase change name?

Deposition

What state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?

Solid

What state of matter takes the shape of its container with fixed volume?

Liquid

What state of matter has no fixed shape or volume?

Gas

What is the phase change from gas directly to solid called?

Deposition

What is a physical property?

A characteristic you can use to identify matter.

List three examples of physical properties.

Color, lustre, and hardness.

What is a physical change?

A change in physical property where no new substance is formed.

Do substances retain their original properties in a physical change?

Yes

Give examples of physical changes.

Crushing/breaking, change of state, and dissolving.

What is a chemical property?

Describes how a substance interacts with other substances.

When is a chemical property observable?

Only when a chemical change happens.

What is a chemical change?

When 2 or more substances react and create a new material with different properties.

Give examples of chemical changes.

Rusting iron, baking a cake, and burning wood.

List evidence of a chemical change.

Change in color or smell, solid/gas formation, and heat energy release/absorption.

Does a physical change form a new substance?

No

Who proposed the 'Billiard Ball Model'?

John Dalton

According to Dalton, atoms are what?

Solid, indivisible spheres.

Who discovered electrons using the cathode ray?

J.J. Thomson

What model did J.J. Thomson propose?

The raisin bun model.

Describe Thomson's raisin bun model.

Positively charged sphere with embedded negative electrons.

Who conducted the Gold Foil Experiment?

Ernest Rutherford

What did Rutherford discover?

The dense, positively charged nucleus in mostly empty space.

Who proposed the Planetary Model with electron shells?

Niels Bohr

What did Bohr suggest about electrons?

They orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels/shells.

Who discovered 'The Quantum Atom'?

James Chadwick

What is the Quantum Atom model?

A cloud of electrons surrounding a nucleus.

What is atomic mass?

The mass of one atom, representing total protons and neutrons.

Do electrons have significant mass?

No, electrons have essentially no mass.

What is an isotope?

Atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons.

What is atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

What else does the atomic number equal?

The number of electrons.

Why are atoms neutral?

Number of protons equals number of electrons, balancing charge to 0.

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Atomic mass minus atomic number.

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

On the left side.

What are physical properties of metals?

Shiny, malleable, ductile, conduct heat & electricity.

What is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature?

Mercury

Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

On the right side.

What are physical properties of non-metals?

Dull, brittle, and insulators.

What is the only non-metal liquid at room temperature?

Bromine

What are metalloids?

The dividing line between metals and non-metals with mixed properties.

What are the physical properties of metalloids?

Shiny/dull, poor heat conductors, brittle, and all solids at room temp.

What are families (groups) on the periodic table?

Vertical columns numbered 1 to 18.

What do elements in the same family share?

Similar chemical properties.

How does reactivity change as you move down a group?

Reactivity increases as you move down.

What is Group 1 on the periodic table called?

Alkali metals

What are the characteristics of alkali metals?

1 outer electron, most reactive metals, react with air and water.

What is Group 2 on the periodic table called?

Alkaline earth metals

What are the characteristics of alkaline earth metals?

2 electrons in outer shell and reactive.

What is Group 17 on the periodic table called?

Halogens

What are the characteristics of halogens?

7 electrons in outer shell and most reactive non-metals.