African American History prelim 1

Reconstruction

1865-1877 era of Black rights that ended when troops left

The Nadir

Post-Reconstruction low point of segregation and lynching

New Negro

Urban Northern militant image of 1920s Black America

Urbanization

Move from Southern fields to Northern factories

Black Popular Front

1930s-40s left-liberal-labor alliance against racism and fascism

Fascism

Nationalism that targets minorities

Counter-hegemony

Challenging what society treats as normal

13th-15th Amendments

Ended slavery and gave citizenship and voting rights

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction as federal troops withdrew

Birth of a Nation

Film glorifying the Klan; shown at Wilson's White House

2nd Klan

Emerged 1920; revived by Birth of a Nation

Wilson's legacy

Segregated D.C. and Haiti occupation

Red Summer

1919 wave of anti-Black violence

Palmer Raids

1919-1920 crackdown on radicals and immigrants

Immigration Act of 1924

Quota law that sparked xenophobia

Tulsa Race Riot

1921 destruction of Black Wall Street

Strange Fruit

Billie Holiday song about lynching

Silent Protest Parade

1917 march against racial violence

Harlem Renaissance

Black cultural boom led by Hughes and Hurston

If We Must Die

McKay poem answering Red Summer

Class first

Organize as workers (CPUSA and Harrison)

Race first

Organize as a race (Garvey)

Hubert Harrison

Father of Harlem Radicalism

Marcus Garvey

Race-first leader of the UNIA

UNIA

Garvey's Black nationalist group

Black Star Line

Garvey's shipping venture crippled by corruption

Garvey Must Go

Campaign backed by Du Bois; Garvey deported 1927

Black Cross Nurses

UNIA women's nursing league

Close Ranks

Du Bois 1918: back the WWI effort

NAACP

Integrationist group pushing respectability

Pan-African movement

Worldwide Black solidarity

Black nationalism

Solidarity and sovereignty for Black people

Great Migration

Roughly 1910-1940 move of 1.5 million Black Southerners

Shoe leather plebiscite

Voting with their feet

Up South

Phrase for the North's disappointment

Ghettoization

Confinement in impoverished areas

Peonage

Debt servitude

Uncle Tom

Black person doing white society's bidding

Cast down your buckets

Booker T.: stay in the South

De facto vs de jure

Informal vs legal segregation

Bama

Derogatory term for Black migrants

Heterodox faiths

Moorish Science Temple and Nation of Islam

AF of L

Union federation excluding most Black workers

BSCP

Pullman porters union founded 1925

Company union

Union set up by the employer

Hate strike

Whites strike over Black workers in white jobs

Wages of whiteness

Short-sighted perks that let capital divide labor

Wagner Act

1935 law legalizing unions

Social Security Act

1935 pensions and welfare that exempted AAs

Redlining

Lending maps that pushed AAs into riskier areas

CIO

Industrial unions that organized Black workers

National Negro Congress

Communist-led alternative to the NAACP

Council on African Affairs

Group fighting apartheid and colonialism

Mary McLeod Bethune

Led the National Council of AFAM Women

HUAC

House committee targeting alleged Un-Americans

Ethiopianism

Psalm 68:31 inspired Black pride in Africa

Italo-Ethiopian War

1935-36 war that rekindled pride in Africa

Spanish Civil War

Franco vs democracy; AAs joined Lincoln Brigade

Jesse Owens

Won the 1936 Olympics before Hitler

Joe Louis

Brown Bomber who beat Schmeling

Marian Anderson

Sang at the Lincoln Memorial

Double V

Victory over fascism abroad and racism at home

Four Freedoms

Roosevelt's 1941 war aims

Atlantic Charter

1941 pledge Churchill said excluded colonies

Second Great Migration

About 5 million Southerners moved

Zoot suits

Seen as unpatriotic during wartime fabric rationing