Resolving disputes

Law enforcement agencies

Organizations responsible for enforcing laws and maintaining public order.

Alternative dispute resolution

Methods used to resolve disputes between parties without involving court processes.

Negotiation

Discussion between parties with the aim of reaching a mutually beneficial outcome.

Mediation and conciliation

Processes involving a neutral third party assisting parties in negotiating and reaching a decision.

Arbitration

Formal process where an independent third party determines how a dispute is resolved.

Courts

Formal legal institutions where disputes are resolved through litigation.

Tribunals

Less formal and expensive alternative to courts for resolving disputes.

Non-legal methods of challenging state power

Methods such as media, contacting MPs, trade unions, and interest groups used to challenge unfair state decisions.

Legal methods of challenging power

Methods such as internal and external reviews used to challenge government decisions and actions.