elizabth cut down for sevenoaks

Which people did Mary marry

Francis, heir to french theone whi became king Lord Darnley - gad a son Earl of Bothwell

What was earl of bithwell accused of

Lord Darnleys murder

when did mary QoS arrive in England

1568

Why did Elizabeth not want to execute Mary qos

Believed in Divine Rigjt of Kings - God chose the monarch and so killing them would anger God

Didn't want to spread the idea that it was okay to execute a queen

When was the first plot against Elizabeth

1569

Order of plots against Elizabeth

Revolt of northern earls Ridolfi plot - 1571 Throckmorton plot - 1583 Babington plot -1586

Who was involved in the babington plot

The Plotters were Anthony Babington, The Earl of Shrewsbury and Mary

Aim of babington plot

Murder Elizabeth, make Mary queen, restore catholicism

How did the babington plot begin and how did it develop?

July 1586 babington wrote to Mary and proposed plan to free them of Protestantism

They wanted to invade with a foreign army, free Mary. Mary replied to him but these letters were intercepted by Walsingham's spies which proved her guilt

Who supported the babington plot

Pope, Philip, Duke of guise (France)

Consequences of babington plot

Government pressured Elizabeth ti execute Babington executed after trying to flee Mary put on trial and found guilty

Reasons for Mary's execution

Evidence against her Plots increased Elizabeth's danger Pressure Mary was Catholic and had a c,aim

What did Walsingham do

Intercepted coded messages, searched houses and taverns for evidence Had informers of threats Used interrogation and torture Captures priests Influential in parliament

Causes of war between England and Spain

Trade/commercial rivalry Religious rivalry English involvement on Netherlands Political rivalry

How did trade and commercial rivalry increase chances of war?

Overproduction of woollen cloth which was exported to Antwerp (which was what English trade was based on) causing slump in the market when Spain began to put Netherlands under tight control .

So England had to replace the cloth trade with new markets

They could make money by attacking Spanish treasure fleets or trading with colonists (illegal for English explorers). This led to piracy and attacking the spainish empire

How did political rivalry increase chances of war

Spain was most powerful as it ruled many country's. The work of Drake and Earl of Leicester in Netherlands angered the king and undermined his authority.

Why would trade and rivalry not be a huge impact to causes of war

It couldn't be Elizabeth's fault herself as it wasn't official so it couldn't validate war. The chronology of events shows that war wasn't directly because of this but it did cause tension as Philip sen ]t complaints

Reasons why religious rivalry not a huge impact of war

Spain didn't want so because of constant threat from France. They were traditional allies England was useful to Spain and France Spain was worried that attacking England would turn Scotland and France against them

Reasons why political rivalry may not be a huge impact to cause of war

Spain was more worried about France Preferred Elizabeth over Mary because of Mary's ties with France.

When did the Spanish Armada begin

1588, declared in 1585

How big was the armada

130 ships, priests, 19,000 soldiers

What was the plan for the armada

Sail to Calais and pick up army which was fighting Protestant Dutch rebels then go to England to remove Elizabeth

Main reasons for the failure of the armada

Ships weren't equipped (Spanish tactics and gunnery) (England tactics and gunnery) easily manieverabke ships Bad plan - had to cut anchors Broke formation after stopping Inexperienced commander Phillip planned it ( quality of leadership) Ran out of supplies

Why did the armada make Protestantism look good

Because she said Gid saved them and she was a Protestant "God blew and they were scattered"

Who were Elizabeth's parents

Anne Boleyn - beheaded
Henry VIII

Why did Elizabeth lose claim to throne

Her mother died ' executed

When did Elizabeth rule from

1558-1603 (we study until 1588)

Main events if Elizabeth's reign

Debt
Religious settlement
Marriage
Armada
Mary

What state was England in when Elizabeth took the throne

People didn't believe her legitimacy
Religious turmoil
War with France
Prejudice against a female ruler

What were Englands finances like when Elizabeth took the throne

Debt if £300,000 because of war with France

What did Elizabeth do to solve the financial weakness of England

Cut back government spending
Monitored household costs
Call in all debts
Sold land

She had brought in £600,000

What was Elizabeth's problem with Scotland when she took the throne

It was ruled by Mary who had a claim to the throne and was Catholic so was a threat ti her position. There were also French soldiers there so she was in danger of attack

Why did Mary Queen of Scot's have a lot of power

Married to heir of French throne, Catholic, queen of Scotland, used to be married to king of Spain

What was the religion of England like when Elizabeth became queen

People didn't like religious changed and Mary had just reintroduced Catholicism which people did not like.
Elizabeth had to make a compromise.
There was little religious tolerance

What did Elizabeth do to solve religious problems

Religious settlement , passed new laws

What did Elizabeth do about marriage when she took the throne

Turned down matches and focused on problems eg war and religious settlement
No one could unite on one match so she decided it was easier to not be married

How was the economy and health when Elizabeth came into power

Poverty
High food prices because of bad quality harvests

What did Elizabeth have to be careful of when she dealed with religion

rebellion leading to civil war

In the religious settlement, what were the main problems she dealt with (4)

Head of church
Decoration and music
Clergy
Bible and services

What did Elizabeth do with the head of church and bishops

Made herself head with title "supreme governor"
All civil servants took an oath and were inprisoned if they went against it
Bishops ran church

Impact of Elizabeth's decision with head of church

No one minded, but a few of the Catholic bishops resigned instead of taking the kath

How did Elizabeth deal with decoration and music and why

Allowed ornament and decoration, allowed hymns.

Why? - to feel continuity. She valued change in prayer more and so the decoration was not important

Impact of Elizabeth's decision on Decoration

It was continued so many Catholics were pleased. A few puritan bishops thought it was too catholic

How did Elizabeth deal with the clergy in the religious settlement

Take an oath recognising her title
Use new prayer book
Clergy wore a surprise instead of plain gowns
Preachers had to have a los end

Impact of the clergy in the religious settlement

Most took oath - 250/9000 lost jobs
People continued to go to there usual services with the same clergy

How did Elizabeth deal with bible and church services

All in English
New Protestant prayer book
Bread and wine offered - beliefs vague

Impact of Elizabeth's decision on bible and church services

Catholics appeared to be loyal but had mass in secret

What was the most unacceptable thing in the religious settlement

Omission of the Latin mass

What made puritans want to oppose the settlement

Didn't like the bishops runnig]ng church - wanted committees
Appearance
Didn't want a head of church
Didn't like gowns

Why did the puritans not oppose seriously

Small group, better to have Elizabeth then Mary, only had support of some Mps

Why did many Catholics accept the religious settlement

Lots was acceptable , they were not persecuted

Why did Catholics oppose the settlement

Personal salvation at risk because of the mass

How did Catholics oppose the settlement

Became chaplains to priests

Was there external, support for rebellion of religion

None, the pope did not take action either