Ana and phy lab ronny

Anatomy

The study of the structures of the body.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the body.

Pathology

The study of disease.

Homeostasis

The body in equilibrium.

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body.

Axial

Refers to the head, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular

Refers to the appendages or limbs.

Regional Terms

Specific anatomical terms used to identify different areas of the body.

Superior

Toward the head or upper part of a structure; above.

Inferior

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure; below.

Anterior

Toward or at the front of the body.

Posterior

Toward or at the back of the body.

Medial

Toward or at the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface.

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal.

Frontal Plane

A body plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Coronal Plane

Another name for the frontal plane.

Sagittal Plane

A body plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

Transverse Plane

A body plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Cross Section

Another term associated with the transverse plane.

Dorsal Body Cavity

The body cavity that protects the nervous system and is divided into the cranial and vertebral cavities.

Two Subdivisions of the Dorsal Body Cavity

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.

Cranial Cavity

The cavity within the skull that encases the brain.

Vertebral Cavity

The cavity that runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord.

Ventral Body Cavity

The body cavity that houses the internal organs, or viscera.

Two Subdivisions of the Ventral Body Cavity

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Thoracic Cavity

The ventral cavity located within the rib cage and superior to the diaphragm.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The ventral cavity located inferior to the diaphragm.

Viscera

The internal organs housed within the ventral body cavity.

Parietal Serosa

A serous membrane that covers the body walls.

Visceral Serosa

A serous membrane that covers the internal organs.

Serous Fluid

Fluid that separates the serosae.

Pleura

The serous membrane that lines the walls of the pleural cavity and the surface of the lungs.

What serous membrane is associated with the lungs?

Pleura.

Pericardium

The serous membrane that lines the walls of the pericardial cavity and the surface of the heart.

What serous membrane is associated with the heart?

Pericardium.

Peritoneum

The serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and the surface of the abdominopelvic organs.

What serous membrane is associated with the abdominopelvic organs?

Peritoneum.

Parietal vs. Visceral

Parietal covers the body walls; visceral covers the internal organs.

Lungs

Pleura.

Heart

Pericardium.

Abdominopelvic Organs

Peritoneum.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

The abdomen can be divided into four quadrants for anatomical reference.

Abdominopelvic Regions

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions for more specific anatomical reference.