Skin Analysis/Nutrition

Skin Type

Describes a person’s genetic skin attributes

Dry Skin:

Underactive sebaceous glands; little to no oil production. Can be genetics, hormonal changes, environment factors

• Small Follicle Size

• Hydration: Minimal

• Oil: Minimal

• Oil based products

• Creamy Cleansers Used

• Occlusive Products Used

• Gentle exfoliation Needed

• often has TEWL

• Dull, lack of luminosity, flaking, blotchy

• Rough, thin, tight

• Treatments to provide nourishment and protection

• Alipidic Skin: Lacks oil

Oily Skin:

Overactive sebaceous glands; excess sebum/oil.Can be genetics, hormonal changes, medication, stress or environment factors

• Moderate to Large Follicle Size

• Common Blemishes

• Gel Cleansers Used

• Water based products

• Treatments to balance oil

• Exfoliation Needed. Over exfoliation can create more oil

• Oil: Moderate to High

• hydration: Good to dehydrated

• Thick and firm and uneven due to congestion

• Lipidic skin: Excess oil

Combination Skin:

Both oily & dry; typically, oilier in the T-Zone area and dry around the outer ring of the face.

• Larger Pores in T-Zone area

• Mousse/foaming Cleanser Used

• Balancing the Skin

• Regular Exfoliation but avoid scrubbing

• Water based Products

• Oil: is moderate to high

• Hydration: Good to dehydrated

• Can have buildup of dead skin and oil around the nose but dry and flaking outside of t-zone

Normal Skin

Good water & oil balance.

• Continued Balance & Maintenance/prevention treatments

• Vitamin C Products Used

• Cleanse, exfoliate nourish and protect

• Very small pores

• Uniform luminosity

• No or rare blemishes

• soft smooth texture good elasticity

Skin Condition

More than our genetic makeup, these conditions are what estheticians are concerned with and the focus of skin treatments

• Dehydration

• Inflammation

• Hyperpigmentation

• Blackheads/whiteheads (Comedones)

• Blemishes

• Fine lines, wrinkles, rough texture, and loss of elasticity.

• Extrinsic Aging (From sun and environment)

• Hyper keratinization

• Erythema

• Pigment disorders

Solar Comedones

A skin condition, large open comedones, usually around the eyes due to sun exposure

Sensitive Skin

Fragile, thin, more redness than normal & flushes easily. Can be easily irritated through environmental forces/cosmetics, chemicals, heat, sun exposure, exfoliation, & excessive rubbing. Clients with Fitzpatrick 1, tend to have fair light-colored skin that is thinner and more sensitive

Striae/Stretchmarks

Dermal scars due to rapid expansion or stretching of connective tissue leaving deep red, pink or purple linear marks that fade to light pink or silver

• Growth phases in puberty

• Pregnancy

• Weight gain

Asphyxiated Skin

Smokers have this from lack of oxygen, characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles, dull/lifeless, Yellow or gray

Actinic Aging

Skin damage caused by overexposure to the sun

Actinic Keratosis

Precancerous condition resulting from overexposure to the sun’s UV rays. It is a growth like patch of skin that is scaly and rough.

Intrinsic (Internal)

Skin aging factors which we have little control over, they are part of our genetics, hereditary

• Free Radicals

• Dehydration

• medical conditions

• Puberty

• Aging

• Glycation

• Pregnancy/Menopause

Extrinsic (External/Environmental)

Environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging

• Sun damage

• Tanning beds

• Pollutants/air quality

• Climate/humidity

• Poor maintenance of skin

• Allergies to environmental factors and products

• Misuse of skin care/treatments

• Photosensitivity to sun from medication or products
  
  

Client Consultation

the verbal communication with a client to determine what the client’s needs are and how to achieve those goals. This may also include discussion of their habits, preferences, health history, and current home care regimen.

Client Chart

This is where you notate information from the service about your clients likes, dislikes, reactions, & any machines/products used during the service, record of skin analysis, and products recommended for home use

Consent Form

Customary written agreement between the esthetician and client for applying a treatment, whether routine or preoperative

1. A consent form must be reviewed and signed before every single advanced or aggressive service (like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, or laser treatments) not just the first time the client visits.

2. A signed consent form does not give an esthetician permission to be negligent or careless. It only protects you from the standard, expected risks of a treatment that is performed correctly.

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Intake Form

Client questionnaire/health history form or consultation card. Should be updated at each appointment. Discloses:

• Health history

• All products/medications being used

• Medical conditions

• Allergies/sensitivities and at home

• At home skin care

• Skin care recently received that could adversely affect treatment

• Clients name, age, occupation, diet/lifestyle habits

Tech Neck

Rhytids that develop due to repeated movement of looking down at electronics/phone

Sensitivities Vs Allergies

Sensitivities

Physical reactions such as erythema, itching, stinging or discomfort. From internal or external influence

Allergies

An immune response, A client's immune system decides it hates a specific ingredient/food it will remember it forever. Every time that ingredient touches their skin/body the immune system will attack.

Dehydrated skin

lacks water. A temporary condition that can happen to any skin type. The skin often looks crepey, has fine lines when pinched, feels tight, thin, flaky, and dry and needs more moisture

Fitzpatrick Scale

Created by Thomas B. Fitzpatrick to classify skin color by its reaction to /ability to tolerate Sun Exposure (Ultraviolet light)

Type 1:

• Eyes: Blue or green

• Hair: Red and blonde

• Pale white, translucent skin, freckles

• Always burn, peels with burn, never tans

• Greatest risk for skin cancer

Type 2:

• Eyes: Blue, brown, hazel

• Hair: Red, blonde, brown

• Light white/fair skin

• Usually burns easy, usually peels, tans with difficulty/minimally

• High risk for skin cancer

Type 3:

• Eyes: Brown

• Hair: Dark

• Medium, white/fair to olive skin

• Sometimes burns/mild or moderately, tans well gradually.

• Moderate risk for skin cancer

Type 4:

• Eyes: Brown

• Hair: Dark

• Light moderate brown/beige olive skin

• Rarely burns/minimally, tans easily to moderate brown, immediate pigment response

• Lower risk for skin cancer

Type 5:

• Eyes: Brown

• Hair: Dark Brown

• Brown/dark brown skin

• Rarely burns, tans very easily

• Low risk for skin cancer relatively rare

Type 6:

• Eyes: Brown

• Hair: Dark Brown/black

• Dark brown to black skin

• Rarely/never burns, tans very easily

• Lowest risk for skin cancer/relatively rare

Lighter Skin Types (Lower Fitzapatrick)

• More sensitive

• Tend to have dry skin

• Higher risk for cancer and vascular damage

• Type 3 is at risk for hyper and hypo pigmentation

Darker Skin Types (Higher Fitzpatrick)

• Tend to be oilier.

• More likely to get hyperpigmentation from sun, chemical peels, and laser and Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation—with Type 4 being the most susceptible.

• Risk of hypopigmentation.

• High risk of scarring and keloids (with Types 5 and 6 being the most susceptible).

Glogau Scale

Evaluates photo damage (sun) based on wrinkling categorized by age

• Type 1: Little to no wrinkles. Early Photoaging. 20s to 30s or younger

• Type 2: Wrinkles only visible while in motion, making facial expressions, early to moderate photoaging, light keratosis, 30 to 40s

• Type 3: Wrinkles at rest, advanced photoaging, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, keratosis, 40s to 50s

• Type 4: Severe predominate wrinkles, severe photoaging, severe scarring, usually 60s+

Rubin’s Classifications

Uses levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes/damages

• Level 1: Superficial pigment and changes in the epidermis

• Level 2: Changes in the epidermis and papillary dermis, actinic keratosis, pigmentation and increased wrinkles

• Level 3: Changes down in the reticular dermis, skin looks leathery and severe sun damage, deep wrinkles

Skin Analysis Should include

• Visual analysis to determine skin type. pore size and any conditions present

• Physical analysis of touching the skin with fingertips to determine texture of the skin

Photoaging

The premature aging of the skin due to ultraviolet exposure

The One Nutrient The Body Needs to Function?

WATER

5 Basic Foods of “MyPlate”

• Vegetables

• Dairy

• Fruits

• Grains

• Protein

A Poor Diet May Result In?

• Less energy

• Fatigue

• Skin disorders

• Depression

A Proper Diet Helps With?

• Cell Production

• Hydration

• Helps integumentary system function properly

Macronutrients

Made up of carbs, lipids, and proteins. Needed for growth, wellbeing, a healthy metabolism, and to support the health of one’s skin and body.

Proteins

Consist of large molecules comprised of one or more long chains of amino acids that are used by the body to make other proteins. Help carry out needs and functions of the cells

Basic Unit of Carbs

Glucose

Lipids Are Also Known As?

fats, make up one of the macronutrients groups.

Enzymes

Combination of vitamins and proteins that help break down food into smaller molecules in order to supply energy to the body

Two Types of Vitamins

• Fat Soluble: A, D, E and K, they protect the membrane of the cells

• Water Soluble: B and C, they help the inside of the cells

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar, when the level of glucose in your blood drops below normal

Absence of The Body not Getting Enough Water/Dehydration May Cause

• Fatigue

• Slower metabolism

• Skin conditions

• memory problems

Fad Diets

Have serious side effects so you should be wary of them as they can cause chemical imbalances or harmful effects on the body

Calories

Measure food energy for the body

Who Regulates the Food Industry and Nutritional Affairs

USDA and FDA

Disaccharide

Forms when two monosaccharides/simple sugars are combined together

Sunshine/Vitamin D

Can be healthy for our bodies to reduce blood pressure, improve brain function and aid in emotional happiness

Water For The Body Does What?

• regulates temperature

• helps eliminate toxins

• keeps skin healthy

• aids in digestion

Nonessential and Essential Amino Acids

Nonessential

Amino acids that your body CAN produce and doesn’t need to be acquired through diet/supplement

• Out of 20 amino acids, 11 are nonessential, 9 are essential

Essential

Amino acids that your body CANNOT produce and needs to be acquired through diet/supplement

Vegetarians Need?

Proteins

Carbohydrates

The three types are starches, sugars and fiber