Science Flashcards Competency 2

Scientific Theories

A heavily supported explanation for why or how something occurs in nature. It is based on observations, investigations, and experiments.

Scientific Model

A scientific representation of an object, system, or process that helps scientists understand or explain it.

Model example

Scientists use a solar system model so that they can see the planets and their positions relative to the Sun. This allows them to see the solar system when it would otherwise be too far or expensive to see.

Scientific Explanations

evidence-based reasoning for why concepts in science occur.

Scientific Laws

A statement that describes a predictable pattern or relationship in nature that has been observed repeatedly.

Hypothesis

A temporary, testable explanation or prediction based on observations or prior knowledge that scientsists can be investigated and find supporting evidence for.

Scientific method

A process scientists use to investigate questions, that involves using evidence to support or refute ideas. Evidence can be found using many different methods, observations, and experiments.

5 steps of scientific method

• Ask a question

• Make a prediction

• Conduct an investigation/experiment

• Collect and analyze data

• Draw a conclusion

Experiment

A controlled investigation used to test a hypothesis by changing an independent variable, measuring a dependent variable, and keeping control variables the same. Scientists record evidence as they conduct it.

Why are experiments used in teaching science?

They allow students to test ideas, observe results, collect evidence, and develop scientific reasoning. It keeps students engaged, gives them a hands-on activity, makes learning come to life, and helps students to understand how scientists work.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed by the person running the experiment (ex: amount of sunlight when trying to determine how sunlight affects growth of plants).

Dependent Variable

The variable that changes and is measured/ observed when changing the independent variable (ex: plant growth in different amounts of sunlight).

Control Variable

A variable that stays the same in the experiment (ex: type of liquid plants get, despite changes in sunlight).