astronomy review guide

What is HR diagram

Hertzsprun- Russel diagrem it shows stars temp, brightness, and type

How is a star color related to its surface temp

Blue stars are hotter and red stars are cooler

What stage is the longest stage in stellar evolution

Main sequence

White dwarf

Small, hot, leftover core of stars

Main sequence star

A star that is fusing hydrogen into helium

Red giants

Large, cool stars have expanded

Red supergiant

Very large, cool and massive star

Neutron star

Extremely dense leftover sore of a massive star

Nebula

A cloud of gas and dust where stars can form

Protostar

A young forming star before nuclear fusion begins

What is spectroscope

Determine what ekemers the star is made based on ought the star and into its wavelength

What determined from a stars spectral lines

The elements in the star

Red shift

moving away from earth

Blue shift

Moves towards earth

What is Doppler effect? How does it relate to the big bang?

Charge in relative frequency as it moves close and further away.

What nuclear fusion and why is it important to stellar evolution

is a process where light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a massive amount of energy.

Core

When nuclear fusion happens

Radiation zone

Energy moves outward through rotation

Convection zone

Hot plasma rises and cooler plasma sink

Photosphere

The visible “surface” of the sun

Chromosphere

Thin layer above photosphere

Transition regions

Thin layer between chromosphere and corona

Corona

Outermost atmosphere of the sun

Where does nuclear fusion occur in the sun

Core

Sunspot

Cooler area on the suns surface casted by strong magnetic field

Solar flares

Powerful bursts of energy and radiation from the sun

Solar prominamces

Large loops of growing gas extending from the suns surface had in place by magnetic field

What part of the sun is visible during them solar eclipse

Corona

How long is a sunspot cycle

11 years

What is convection? What layer of the sun would you find this occurring

Chromosphere

Terrestrial

Mercury, Venus, earth, mars

Jovian

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

What effect does the suns gravitational pull have on the planets within our solar system

Keeps use in orbits

Relationship between a planted distance from the sun and its temp

It is hotter when it’s closer

Relationship between planets distance from the sun and its orbital period

The closer the shorter to orbit period

Chronological order

Nebula, stars, galaxies, and then planets and moons.