Social Welfare, Project Development, and Management

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts of social welfare, human needs, social problems, project cycle management, development perspectives, and project management tools.

Need

A gap, imbalance, or lack of adjustment between the current situation and a more desirable future state.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A framework categorizing human needs into a pyramid structure, positing that lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs can be fully addressed.

Physiological Needs

Basic survival requirements such as breathing, food, water, shelter, clothing, and sleep.

Safety and Security Needs

Needs related to personal and environmental stability, including health, employment, property, family, and social stability.

Love and Belonging Needs

Interpersonal desires encompassing friendship, family connections, intimacy, and a sense of belonging.

Self-Esteem Needs

The need for confidence, achievement, respect from others, and the recognition of being a unique individual.

Self-Actualization Needs

The highest tier of need, involving morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, purpose, meaning, and the realization of one's full potential.

Felt Needs

Needs that individuals are personally aware of and desire to address, often motivated by a personal desire for improvement.

Expressed Needs

Felt needs that individuals have actively taken action upon, often signaling a demand that exceeds available supply.

Normative Needs

Needs identified when an individual or group falls below established standards or expectations defined by experts or community norms.

Comparative Needs

Needs that arise when two groups with similar characteristics receive dissimilar services or products, revealing a discrepancy.

Future Needs

Needs concerned with anticipated future demands rather than current conditions, identified through projection and long-term planning.

Critical-Incident Needs

Needs that emerge during emergencies or high-consequence failures requiring immediate attention and resources.

Problem

A new or unfamiliar situation that an individual encounters without having a readily available response.

Social Problem

Any condition or behavior that carries negative consequences for a large number of people and is recognized by society as requiring intervention.

Objective Component of a Social Problem

The empirical, verifiable existence of a condition or behavior that causes negative consequences for many people.

Subjective Component of a Social Problem

The societal perception and recognition that a condition or behavior needs to be addressed, aligning with the social constructionist view.

Social Welfare (Gertrude Wilson)

Defined as the "organized concern of all people for all people."

Social Welfare (Walter Friedlander)

Defined as the "organized system of social services and institutions designed to aid individuals and groups to attain satisfying standards of life and health."

Social Welfare (Elizabeth Wickenden)

Defined as "laws, programs, benefits, and services which assure provisions for meeting social needs recognized as basic to the well-being of the population."

Social Services

Tangible programs and activities provided to address the needs and problems of society's members, serving as concrete expressions of social welfare concerns.

Project

A complex, nonroutine, one-time effort limited by time, budget, resources, and performance specifications, undertaking organized activities to produce specific outputs that achieve a purpose.

Program

A set of projects grouped together due to similarity in purpose, function, or social relevance, focusing strategically on broader, ongoing, or long-term impacts.

Donor-Driven Projects

Supply-based projects funded and initiated by external donors who provide funds, technical expertise, and policy support through partner organizations.

Community-Driven Projects

Demand-based projects where community members identify priorities and address local problems by taking direct decision-making power and resources.

Social Welfare-Driven Projects

Projects initiated by public or private agencies based on their mandate, vision, mission, and goals to organize resources and address specific social problems.

Residual Outcome Projects

Projects that address immediate, short-term community concerns while attempting to influence long-term behavior and habits.

Developmental Outcome Projects

Projects focused on building community capacity, skills, and empowerment to enable collaborative problem-solving with local institutions.

Transformative Outcome Projects

Projects aiming for deep and lasting social change by empowering communities to critically analyze and reform the underlying systems causing social issues.

Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)

A mandatory mechanism requiring formal approval from indigenous communities prior to taking over or operating within their ancestral lands.

Social Administration Perspective

A framework examining how governments and organizations plan, organize, and manage social services, incorporating policies, political systems, and economic factors.

Welfare Pluralism

The perspective recognizing that the state is not the sole welfare provider, operating alongside the private market, voluntary, and non-statutory sectors.

Social Planning Perspective

A systematic, technical approach using rational planning, data analysis, program design, and professional management to resolve social problems.

Sustainable Development Perspective

Development that balances environmental, social, and economic sustainability to meet present needs without compromising future generations.

Participatory Development Perspective

An approach promoting the active involvement of community members in the planning, decision-making, and execution of development projects that affect their lives.

Gender and Development (GAD) Perspective

A perspective promoting gender equality by recognizing the distinct roles, needs, and systemic disadvantages of women and men in development.

Strengths-Based Perspective

An approach focusing on people's inherent talents, resources, and potential rather than their deficits or pathologies, employing the "4 C's" and "R" concepts.

Empowerment Perspective

A framework grounded in social justice and human rights that helps individuals and groups overcome direct and indirect power blocks to control their lives.

Rights-Based Perspective

An approach establishing that rights are legally enforceable entitlements rather than privileges, holding duty-bearers accountable for protecting them.

Mutual Aid Sector

A welfare provision model based on voluntary, collaborative exchanges among community members for common benefit.

Goal-Directed Project Management (GDPM)

A structured project management model prioritizing goals and deliverables over processes, divided into Project Definition, Deliverables, and Activities views.

Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG)

A Philippine assessment tool formulated by NEDA and PCW under RA 7192 to evaluate and ensure the gender responsiveness of development projects.

Problem Tree Analysis

A diagnostic planning tool that visually maps out a core problem alongside its root causes and consequent effects.

Objective Tree Analysis

A planning tool that converts the negative problem conditions mapped out in a problem tree into positive, achievable objectives.

Logical Framework (Logframe)

A project planning matrix that systematically details activities, outputs, outcomes, and goals alongside measurable indicators, means of verification, and assumptions.

Critical Path Method (CPM)

A network scheduling tool that identifies the longest path of dependent tasks using a single duration estimate to establish the minimum project timeline.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A probabilistic scheduling tool calculating task duration based on three time estimates: optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A hierarchical decomposition tool that subdivides total project scope into manageable tasks, integrating cost, scope, and schedule baselines.

Force Field Analysis (FFA)

An analytical tool used in change management that identifies and balances driving forces supporting change against restraining forces resisting it.

Fishbone Diagram

Also called an Ishikawa diagram; a cause-and-effect tool categorizing potential causal factors (e.g., Manpower, Method, Machine, Material) to identify root causes.

Appreciative Inquiry

An asset-based change management framework that investigates existing organizational strengths through a four-phase cycle: Discovery, Dream, Design, and Destiny.