HAP - The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves T1 W4

HAP - The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves T1 W4

where does the spinal cord extend from

the brain

what re the four segments of the spinal cord

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

what is cervical enlargement

suplies upper limbs

what is lumbar enlargement

supplies lower limbs

what are the three meninges

dura mater , arachnoid mater, pia mater

what are the three spaces

epidural, subdural, subarachnoid

what is dura mater

continuous with epineurium of the spinal nerves

what is arachnoid mater

thin and wispy

wha is Pia mater

bound tightly to surface of brain and spinal cord

what is epidural

location for epidural anaesthesia

what does the epidural contain

contains blood vessels, areolar connective tissue and fat

what is subdural

serous fluid

what is sunarachnoid

cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels within web like strands of arachnoid tissue

what does an ascending tract consist of

ascending tracts consist of axons that conduct action potentials towards the brain

what does descending tracts consist of

consists of axons that conduct action potentials away from the brain

what surrounds the spinal cord

meningeal membranes

what is white matter of the spinal cord

its myelinated axons forming nerve tract

what does grey matter of the spinal cord consist of

neutron cell bodies, dendrites and axons

what does the peripheral nerves consist of

axon bundles,

Schwann cells

connective tissue

endoeurium

surronds individual neruons

perineurium

surrounds axon groups to form fascicles

epineurium

surrounds the entire nerve

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

31 pairs

where does the first pair exit from

first pair exit vertebral column between skull and atlas (c1)

where does the last four pairs exit from

the last 4 pairs exit via the sacral formamina whe

what does each spinal nerve have

each spinal nerve has a dorsal and ventral ramus (singular)

what is a reflex arc

a reflex arc is a basic functional unit of the nervous system (smallest part that can receive a stimulus and produce a response)

what is a reflex

automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought

what is a reflex arc

a neural pathway that controls a reflex

what are the 5 components of reflexes

sensory receptor

sensory neuron

interneuron

motor neuron

effector organ

what does a sensory receptor detect

it detects a stimulus , generating action potentials

what does a sensory neuron conduct

it conducts action potentials through a nerve and dorsal root to the spinal cord

in the spinal cord ,the action potential is carried to…

its carried to the integration centre

what receptors detect a painful stimulus

pain receptors

what does sensory neurone conduct

they conduct action potentials to the spinal cord

excitiation of the alpha motor neurone results in…

results in contraction of the flexor muscles