Science revision yearlies disease

What is disease?

It is any harmful condition that stops the body or its parts from working the way they should.

What is an infecious disease?

It is a disease that is caused by harmful agents that enters the body, multiplies and causes damage that can be spread from person to person.

What is a non-infectious disease?

It is a disease that is not causes by pathogens and cannot be spread from person to person.

What is a pathogen?

It is any biological agent or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, fungus or parasite that causes disease in the host.

What is a microorganism?

They are tiny living organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye and require a microscope for observation.

What is an epidemic?

It is a rapid, unexpected increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease or health condition within a specific community, population or region.

What is a pandemic?

It is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads across a large region, multiple continents, or worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the global population.

What is bacteria?

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled living organisms that lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organisms.

What is a virus?

It is a submicroscopic, infectious particle that cannot reproduce on its own.

What is a fungi?

Fungi are a diverse biological kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, which do not make their own food through photosynthesis. Instead, they absorb nutrients from their surroundings.

What are parasites?

A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (known as the host) and gets its food and nutrients at the host's expense, usually harming the host in the process

What is a protozoa?

Protozoa are microscopic, single-celled eukaryotes (organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus) that behave in animal-like ways.

What is transmission?

Disease transmission is the movement of a pathogen from a reservoir or infected host to a new, susceptible host.

What is isolation?

a public health and medical practice that separates individuals who are sick with a contagious disease from people who are not sick.

What is quarantine?

Quarantine is the restriction of movement, separation, or enforced isolation of people, animals, plants, or goods that have been exposed to a contagious disease or pest, keeping them apart until it is certain they are not infected

What is inflammation?

It is your bodies protective immune response to injury, infection or harmful irritants.

What is hygiene?

Hygiene refers to the conditions, habits, and practices that help maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.

What is an antibody?

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by your immune system to identify, neutralize, and clear out harmful foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.

What is an antigen?

An antigen is any substance—such as a protein, sugar, toxin, or virus—that the body's immune system recognizes as foreign or harmful and uses to trigger an immune response, typically by producing matching antibodies

What is an antibiotic?

Antibiotics are medications that fight bacterial infections by killing bacteria or stopping them from growing and multiplying.

Who is Howard Florey?

Sir Howard Florey was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist famous for leading the team that purified and mass-produced penicillin into a life-saving medicine.

What is penicillin?

Penicillin is a group of life-saving beta-lactam antibiotics derived from Penicillium molds that kill bacteria or stop them from growing.

What is vaccination?

Vaccination is the act of introducing a vaccine into the body to train the immune system to recognize and fight off specific harmful diseases without causing illness

What is immunisation?

Immunisation is the process of making a person resistant to an infectious disease, typically by giving a vaccine.

Who is Edward Jenner?

He was an English physician and scientist widely known as the "father of immunology" for creating the world's first smallpox vaccine.

What is congenital disease?

A congenital disease (also called a congenital disorder or birth defect) is a health condition, structural difference, or functional abnormality that is present before or at the time of birth.

What is nutritional disease?

Nutritional diseases are medical conditions caused by a lack, excess, or imbalance of nutrients in the diet, or by the body's inability to properly absorb and metabolize them.

What is a phycological disorder?

A psychological disorder (also called a mental disorder or mental illness) is a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the underlying psychological, biological, or developmental processes of mental functioning.

What is an environmental disease?

An environmental disease is any illness or medical condition caused, triggered, or worsened by external physical, chemical, biological, or social factors in a person's living, working, or natural surroundings.

What is cancer?

Cancer is a group of over 100 different diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.

What is the difference between an infectious and non-infectious disease?

The primary difference is that infectious diseases are caused by external living organisms while non-infectious diseases are not caused by germs and cannot be spread from person to person.

What is the cause of a non-infectious disease?

they are caused by a combination of internal, environmental, and behavioural factors. These are things like genetic factors, diet and activity levels, substance use, environmental, nutrient deficiencies, immune system dysregualtion.

What is the cause of infectious disease?

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens—harmful microorganisms or agents that enter the body, multiply, and disrupt normal functions.

What are the features of an endemic and an example?

It is a disease that is regularly present in a particular area or population. An example of this is Malaria in some parts of Africa.

What is an example of an epidemic?

An ebola outbreak in a region.

What is an example of a pandemic?

COVID-19

What is a non-infectious disease affecting Australians today?

Things like mental health problems, Asthma, back problems, arthritis, diabetes, cancer and more.

How does the body prevent pathogens from entering?

Things like the skin, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, tears and saliva.

What does the body do when a pathogen enters?

White blood cells recognise and destroy them, Phagocytes engulf and digest the pathogens, Lymphocytes produce antibodies that target specific pathogens, Inflammation causes redness and swelling helping the body fight infection and repair damaged tissue.

How does a vaccine stimulate the body to produce antibodies and fight infection?

A vaccine contains harmless forms of pathogens or parts of it called antigens, white blood cells then recognise them as foreign. Antibodies are produced that target the antigens then memory is formed and the immune system remembers the pathogen so if it comes for real the body can respond faster to fight it.

How do we reduce the number of cases of non-infectious diseases?

Things like avoiding smoking, eating healthy, limiting alcohol, regular exercise, sun protection, regular health check-ups and healthy lifestyle habits.

How do we reduce the number of cases of infectious diseases?

Things like vaccinations, good hygiene, isolation, safe food and water, pest control and medications.

What are things aboriginal people use to prevent and treat disease?

they use things like tea tree, eucalyptus, and native mint to treat disease and Kakadu plum to prevent disease.

What are some Australian technologies for things like disease, physical trauma or disorders?

Bionic ear, penecillin, spray on skin and more.