ANCIENT_GREECE BASED ON PACKET

Greek Culture

The culture that originated from the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.

Trojan War

A war in which the Mycenaeans defeated the city of Troy.

Polis

A Greek city-state, each with its own acropolis.

Acropolis

A building held by pillars dedicated to gods, located high up on a hill.

Athenian Empire

The area of influence controlled by Athens around 450 B.C.

Salamis, Thermopylae, and Marathon

Cities involved in important battles during ancient Greece.

Helots

Enslaved people of Sparta.

Oligarchy

A form of government ruled by a few.

Upper Class

The highest social class in Sparta, consisting of native-born Spartans.

Second Class

The middle social class in Sparta, consisting of foreigners, farmers, and merchants.

Lowest Class

The lowest social class in Sparta, consisting of helots (slaves).

Athens

A city-state located in Attica, initially governed as an aristocracy.

Aristocracy

A government ruled by the aristocrats (wealthy and privileged class).

Draco

Introduced improved laws in Athens to prevent aristocrats from dictating what is legal.

Solon

Implemented trade and political reforms in Athens to move towards democracy.

Pisistratus

Redistributed land from the rich to farmers and gave citizenship to non-landowners in Athens.

Cleisthenes

Established the world's first democracy in Athens in 508 BC.

Greek Democracy

A system of government in which citizens participated in the Assembly and the Council.

Education

In ancient Greece, boys studied subjects like the Iliad, Odyssey, math, drawing, and music.

Persian Wars

Series of wars fought between Greek states and Persia.

Battle of Marathon

A battle between Persia and Greece, won by Greece.

Battle of Salamis

A battle between Athens and Persia, won by Greece.

Delian League

An alliance between Greek states to protect Greece from Persia.

Effects of the Persian Wars

Athens became the most powerful city-state and used funds from the Delian League to rebuild.1. Golden Age of Greece:A period of intellectual and artistic growth in ancient Greece.

Pericles

A politician who led Greece during the Golden Age.

Direct Democracy

A form of government where a large number of citizens directly participate in the day-to-day affairs of the government.

Classical Art

Art that portrays beauty through harmony, order, balance, and proportion.

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

The three types of columns used in classical architecture.

Theater

A form of entertainment that began as a festival dedicated to the god Dionysus.

Comedy and Tragedy

The two types of drama in ancient Greece.

Philosophy

The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and more.

Socrates

A philosopher who believed in questioning one's thoughts and was put to death by Athens.

Plato

A philosopher who wrote "The Republic," a book about the perfect government.

Aristotle

A philosopher whose work provides the basis of the scientific method and who taught Alexander the Great.

Peloponnesian War

A war fought between Athens and Sparta.

Peloponnesian League

An alliance between Sparta and other city-states against Athens.

Sparta

A city-state that defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War.

King Philip II

The king of Macedonia who pledged to conquer Greece and destroy Persia.

Alexander the Great

The king of Macedonia who conquered Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Persian Empire.

Hellenistic Culture

A mix of Greek, Persian, and Indian culture that spread during Alexander's empire.

Euclid

A mathematician who founded geometry.

Eratosthenes

A mathematician who showed that the Earth is round.

Hippocrates

A physician who is known for the Hippocratic Oath and his contributions to medicine.

Alexandria, Egypt

An important city during the Hellenistic period, known for its trading and learning center.