Arab American Studies

First Wave of Immigration Total

350,000 immigrants

Racialization

Extension of racial meanings to a previously recially unclassified relationship, social practice or group

Scientific Evidence

Use of supposedly scientific ideas to classify people into racial categories and justify racial hierarchies

syrian

referred to immigrants from greater syria, including areas of present-day syria, including areas of present-day Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan

Wave 1 Timeline

1880s-WWll

Wave 2 timeline

1945-1965

Wave 3 timeframe

1965-1990

Wave 4 timeframe

1990-present

critiques of the wave models

insists on chronology, eurocentric, leaves sutff out

george shisham

syrian immigrant involved in 1909 citizenship case about whether syrians were legally considered white

Hasna and Nola Romey

syrians associated with case of racial violence, face racism even though classified as white

American

Shorthand for citizen of one of two continents, cultural but not ethnic or racial

Arab

ethnic, cultural, and linguistic identity, not a racial category but a radicalized category

colonialism

system where on country takes control of another territory and its people for power, land and resources

Common Sense

Ideas about race that society treats as normal, natural, or obvious, even though they are socially constructed

George Dow

Syrian immigrant involved in a court case about whether syrians were considered white, 1915

First wave of immigrants time frame

1880s-World War ll

first wave of immigration

many had little formal education, were poor, predominately christian immigrants from greater syria

Gender

ideas about masculinity and femininity affect how different racial groups are viewed and treated

Hegemony

Something that is and the elites want to remaind ominant in society, soft power

How is hegemony maintained

coercion and consent

heteronormativity

belief that heterosexual relationships are normal or expected, and that people should follow traditional male and female gender roles

imperialism

global system/version of colonialism

Johnson-Reed Act of 1924

asian exclusion, quota system, targeted groups considered undesirable, connected to eugenics and nativism

little syria

neighborhood in NYC, major entry and settlement point for syrians on the east coast, arabic intellectual community

costa najour

syrian immigrant involved in early naturalization case in 1909, his case concerned whether syrians could legally be classified as white for citizenship

naturalization act of 1790s

citizenship was limited to free white persons of good character, excluded many people from becoming naturalized US citizens based on race

orientalism

western style for dominating, reconstructing and having authority over the “orient”, as a method of control and power

peddling

selling goods by traveling from place to place, often door to door, common occupation

the peddling thesis

assimilation of language and cultural norms, americanization of settler colonialism, individualism, capitalism

Queer Ecology of Peddling

perceived as exotic, seductive, dangerous, and deceitful, provoked white anxiety about racial purity and sexual norms

Race

a concept that signifies or symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to a different type of human bodies

racial formation

process through which racial categories are created, changed, and desroyed over time

racial project

a way of interpreting race while also organizing resources, power, or social structures along racial lines

racism

system of beliefs, practices, and institutions or reinforces racial inequality

SWANA

south west asia northern Africa

Who wrote sturcturing migration, 2022

Cainkar, Vinson, Jarmakani

Who wrote Colonialism/Postcolonialism 1998

Loomba

Who wrote the Arab Immigrant Experience, 2010

Suleiman

Who wrote Cultural Hegemony 1971

Gramsci

Who wrote Orientalism, 1978

Said

Who wrote Becoming American, 1985

Naff

Who wrote Introduction 2023

Albrecht

Who wrote racial formation in the United States, 2015

Omi and Winant

who wrote strange fruit, 2004

Gualteri