history: origins of rome
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1,000 BCE
in what year did the indo europeans settle in Latium region in Italy
because the people there speak Latin
why is the region called Latium?
Etruscans and nearby greek colonies
which cultures influenced the latium region?
750 BCE
what year did the city of rome emerge?
Tiber River
near what river the did rome emerge?
hills
what physical land was rome founded on
they provided natural protection
why were the hills rome was built on so good?
monarchy
what kind of government did rome originally have
Romulus
who was the first king of rome?
the lion king (uncle betrayed his brother)
the origins of rome can be compared to what story?
numitor of alba longa
who was the king in the story of the mythological origins of rome (Romulus and Remus)
amulius
who was the brother of numitor of alba longa
Rhea Silvia
who is the daughter of numitor of alba longa
Romulus and Remus
who are the children of Rhea Silvia
Amulius (her uncle)
who ordered Rhea Silvia to be a virgin
that they would kill their uncle
What was the prophecy that was told about Romulus and Remus
he orders them to be killed
what does the uncle do when he finds out about this prophecy
a she wolf
who saves Romulus and Remus
yes
Do Romulus and Remus fulfill the prophecy?
Romulis kills Remus
after the conquer Alba Longa what happened between Romulus and Remus
753 BCE
in what year did Romulus find Rome
Trojan War
what greek events do the mythical origins of rome (Aeneas) based off?
Dionysus of Halicarnassus and Virgil
who retold the story of Aeneid
he is a trojan prince who flees Troy with the refugees and founded Rome
who is Aeneas and what is his story?
like a superhero
how is Aeneas depicted?
Rhea Silvia
who is Aeneas supposedly and ancestor of?
old, and old rivals of the greeks
How do the roman’s depict themselves in the (aeneas) time
1200 BCE
what year did the Etruscans settle in Etruria
the tuscan countryside
where is Etruria
to escape a famine from turkey
why does Herodotus tell us that the migrated to Etruria
Roman culture
what culture did the Etruscans influence
yes
Did etruscan women have more rights than other women at this time
own property, participate in gov, be priestesses
what kind of things could the etruscan women do
dancers, artists, musicians, and warriors
the art work of etruscan woman from this time depicted them being what
no, absolutely not
did the other cultures of this time like Etruscan women
from burial sites, burial practices, and texts from other cultures
how do we know so much about Etruscan culture?
480 BCE
in what year were the Etruscans on the decline
a senate of elite civilians
who advised Rome in the beginning
economic, social, and political
what i s the roman forum purpose
speaker platforms where politicians addressed the people
what is a rostra
fountains, sewers, roads, and bath houses
what urban conveniences did they have
509 BCE
in what year did the roman republic form
Tarquinius Superbus
who was the abusive king of rome during the 500s BCE
Lucretia
what is the name of the roman noblewomen who was raped that started the movement for the dismantlement of the monarhcy
she commits suicide
what does Lucretia do after her assault that causes the uproar that later end the monarchy in Rome
senate, assembly, etc with a system of reps
what does rome rely on after the dismantlement of the roman monarchy
300
how many senators did they have in ancient rome
togas
what is an example of of some things that romans god from other civilizations
Patrilineal
whta kind of society did the romans have
the father/husband
who was the head of the household in roman society
yes
was family important to the romans
could go into society, could write wills, got base level education, could own land or a business,
what were some of the rights women had in roman society
participate in political life
what was the one thing women could not do in roman civilization
monogamous but usually for business
what type of marriages did they have
slaves (conquered people)
what did the roman use for labor
Patricians and Plebeians
what were the two main socioeconomic groups in roman civilization
elite aristocracy
what were the Patricians in roman society
commoners
what were the Plebeians in roman society
powerful members of society, benefactors; provide clients with advice, support, etc
what were the patrons in roman civilization
gave patrons financial and political support in exchange
who were the clients in roman civilization
polytheistic
what kind of religion did the romans have
religious temple dedicated to all gods and goddesses; completed around 125 BCE
what is the pantheon in roman religion
virgin priestesses of Vesta, the goddess of the heart; cultivated the sacred fire that was not allowed to go out
who are the Vestal Virgins in roman religion
Senatus Populusque Romanus
what does SPQR stand for?
Senate and People Roman
what does Senatus Populusque Romanus mean in english
509 BCE
in what year to the romans form the roman republic
2 individuals elected, 1-year term
what are the consults in roman civilization
advised magistrate, oversaw government, made laws, and provided consistent voice
what is the senate in the roman society
single leader, elected for a limited duration during times of crisis, can be important, lasts 6 months
what is the dictator in roman civilization
administered justice/law, created in 300s BCE, like judges
what is the praetor is roman society
women, slaves, and non romans
who were not considered full citizens on rome
the latin league and they named it this because they all spoke latin
what did neighboring villages near rome call their league and why?
496 BCE
in what year did the battle of Lake Regillus happen
the battle of Lake Regillus
in what battle did rome fight against the latin league and win?
390 BCE
in what year did the Battle of the Allia happen
romans vs Gauls
who fought in the battle of allia
Gaul
who won in the battle of allia
they realize they need to strengthen their borders and consolidate power in their territories
the roman defeat in the battle of allia causes what realization for the romans
343-249 BCE
in what years did the Samnite Wars take place
rome vs Samnium
who fought in the Samnite Wars
the romans
who won in the Samnite Wars
280-275 BCE
what year did the Pyrrhic War take place
romans vs greeks
who fought in the Pyrrhic War
the romans
who won the Pyrrhic War
267 BCE
in what year did rome conquer Etruria
patricians and Plebeians
what were the main two social categories in rome at the time
socially and legally protected, traditionally wealthier upper class, you are born into this class you can’t just get into this class
what were the patricians
commoners
what were the plebeians
plebeians
what societa group did the roman military belong to
struggle of orders
what was the struggle between the plebeians and the patricians called where the patricians made all the laws and the plebeians just had to take it
Demand political protections to guard against abuse by the patricians
Wealthy plebeians wanted direct role in government
what were the two main debated that the plebeians presented
494 BCE
what year was the breaking point where the army refused to fight anymore until the plebeian rights were changed
472 BCE
in what year did the plebeians trial assembly
Plebeian trial assembly
what was plebeians right to form assemble called
450 BCE
in what year were the twelve tables written
the twelve tables
what served as the basis for roman law
445 BCE
in what year were patricians and plebeians now allowed to marry
367 BCE
in what year was the first plebeian elected consul, mandated that one of the two consuls must be plebeian
287 BCE
in what year was Hortensian Law created
expands role of Plebians’ Tribal assembly , Now, laws passed by Plebeian Assembly apply to both plebs and petitions, Their assembly now carries weight
what did Hortensian Law do