Organic reactions and Mechanisms

Functional group level

The number of bonds to a hetroatom from a carbon molecule , which defines the reactivity of a compound.

Redox rule for functional group levels

The larger the functional group level the most highly oxidised. The lowest are the most reduced.

Is an oxidation reaction as is going from a level 1 functional group to a level 3 functional group. Where O is being gained and H lost.

Oxidation and reduction of alkanes

can be oxidised into alkenes as a H is being lost and the pi system is like being attatched to a hetroatom

Level 1 functional group

Level 2 functional group

Level 3 functional group

Level 4 functional group

acid anhydride, carbomate, urea, Isocyanate

Inductive effect

when electronegative atoms polorise electron density in the single bond framework of a molecule eg. Cl is more electronegative than C so would be -I

Chirality

an object that is non identical to its mirror image eg. glove. Two sterioisomers that are non identical are enantimers eg. one is S and one is R

Diasterioisomers

Sterioisomers that are not enantimers eg. they have one identical steriogenic centre R,R and S,R