osteology - the study of bones 2

axial skeleton

includes the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, and coccyx

appendicular skeleton

all other bones

long bones

femur , tibia, metatarsals

short bones

carpals, tarsals

flat bones

ribs, some bone of the skull, sternum

irregular bones

vertebrae, os coxae

sesamoid bones

patella

articular cartilage

thin layer of hayline cartilage covering each epiphysis; helps to reduce friction between two articulating bones in a synovial joint

compact bone

the solid outer layer of bone

diaphysis

shaft

endosteum

internal surface of the bone

medullary cavity

hollow space within the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow

epiphyseal line

region where the epiphysis and diaphysis fuse after the epiphyseal plate is no longer needed to lengthen the bone

epiphysis

expanded knobby region located at each end of the bone

periosteum

covers the outer surface of the bone

nutrient foramen

hole through which the nutrient artery passes

spongy bone

porous type of bone connective tissue ; contains red marrow

red marrow

type of connective tissue within epiphsyes; location of blood cell production

yellow marrow

fatty tissue present within the medullary cavity

types of bone markings

bony projections, ridges, or prominent features

bony depressions or grooves

openings or passageways

condyle

a smoother structure; either concave or convex, joined directly to the shaft of a long bone

facet

a smooth surface for articulation

head

a rounded articular surface

margin

edge of a bony process or cavity

crest

a prominent border that may be rough

process

a roughened bony prominence

spine

a pointed projection of the bone

trochanter

a relatively large blunt process found only on the femur

trochlea

a smooth surface shaped like a pulley

tubercle

a small blunt or rounded process

tuberosity

a large rough surface or process

fossa

a shallow depression

fovea

a deep cylindrical depression

sulcus

groove or depression

canal

passageway through a bone

foramen

a hole in a bone ; size is variable

meatus

passageway through a bone