Bleeding disorders -- WEEK2

Abortion

— The medial term for any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is viable

Threatened abortion

— Slight cramping, but no cervical dilatation is present on vaginal examination

— Vaginal bleeding, initially only scant and usually bright red

Inevitable abortion

— Uterine contractions and cervical dilatation present

• Loss cannot be stopped with cervical dilation

— If no fetal heart sounds are detected and an ultrasound reveals an empty uterus or nonviable fetus, a physician may perform D&C.

Complete abortion

— The entire miscarriage the entire products of conception (fetus, membranes, and placenta) are expelled without any assistance

Incomplete abortion

— Part of the conceptus(usually the fetus) is expelled, but the membrane or placenta is retained in the uterus

Missed abortion

— Also commonly referred to as early pregnancy failure, the fetus dies in the utero but is not expelled

— Discovered when fundal height is measured and there is no increase

Recurrent pregnancy loss

— The woman had three abortions in a row

Ectopic pregnancy

— Implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity

— Most common site is the fallopian tubes

Hydatidiform mole/Gestational trophoblastic disease

— Is abnormal proliferation and then degeneration of the trophoblastic villi

— As the cells degenerate, they become filled with fluid and appear as clear fluidfilled, grape-sized vesicles

Incompetent cervix

— Cervix dilates prematurely and therefore cannot hold a fetus until term

Cervical cerclage

— Ties cervix till term

Mcdonald procedure

— Nylon sutures are placed horizontally and vertically across the cervix and pulled tight

Shilodkar technique

— Combination of both tied and sutured