Zuku VTNE Dentistry

42 by 7 months

By what age should a dog have all its permanent teeth, and how many teeth are in the canine adult dental formula?

36-44 by 5 years

32 by 4 years

44 by 20 months

30 by 7 months

42 by 7 months

Removes plaque and calculus from teeth

What does dental scaling accomplish during a small animal dental prophylaxis procedure?

Removes plaque and calculus from teeth

Stimulates gingival tissue growth to support healthy periodontium

Strengthens weakened tooth roots

Seals exposed dentinal tubules

Whitens discolored enamal surfaces

Use extraoral techniques such as buccotomy or repulsion

A horse requires extraction of a diseased cheek tooth. Which statement best describes how veterinarians commonly approach extraction of equine cheek teeth?

Apply digital pressure to loosen the periodontal ligament

Perform simple intraoral extraction with standard small animal forceps

Employ routine hand scaling instruments through the oral cavity

Use extraoral techniques such as buccotomy or repulsion

Utilize orthodontic traction devices to move the tooth before extraction

Upper jaw wider than lower jaw; horses and carnivores

What does anisognathism describe, and in which species is it considered normal?

A narrower upper jaw than lower jaw; rabbits and rodents

Upper jaw wider than lower jaw; horses and carnivores

Failure of the jaws to align during growth; reptiles and amphibians

Rotation of the mandible to one side; brachycephalic dogs

Equal width of the upper and lower jaws; ruminants

Modified pen grasp

Which grasp provides the best control when holding periodontal instruments?

Fingertip pinch grasp

Reverse thumb grasp

Palm grasp

Full fist grasp

Modified pen grasp

Angle the bristles toward the gingival margin at 45 degrees

A client asks how to brush their dog’s teeth at home. Which recommendation provides the best guidance?

Scrub the crowns with firm circular motions for 30 seconds per tooth

Avoid brushing near the gingiva to prevent irritation and bleeding

Angle the bristles toward the gingival margin at 45 degrees

Brush only the chewing surfaces because plaque accumulates there first

Hold the toothbrush perpendicular to the tooth surface during brushing

Recommend dental radiographs and treatment

During an oral examination, you notice discoloration of a dog's canine tooth and suspect pulpitis. The owner has not noticed any abnormalities in the dog's appetite or behavior. What is the best recommendation for the client?

Monitor the tooth unless the dog stops eating or vocalizes during chewing

Explain that discoloration commonly resolves after routine tooth brushing at home

Recommend dental radiographs and treatment

Recommend annual rechecks because dogs usually show obvious signs of oral pain

Client should bring dog back if the tooth becomes mobile or develops gingival swelling

Oronasal fistula

A 14-year-old female spayed poodle presents for her annual exam, and her owner mentions that she sneezes after drinking water. What dental condition does this suggest?

Pulpitis

Enamel hypoplasia

Persistent deciduous tooth

Peripheral odontogenic fibromas

Oronasal fistula

Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone

A dog's dental record states that the periodontium appears healthy with no evidence of disease. Which structures comprise the periodontium?

Enamel, gingiva, dentin, and pulp

Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone

Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, and the soft tissues surrounding the tooth root

Alveolar bone, enamel, dentin, and cementum

Periodontal ligament, enamel, dentin, and pulp

Retained cap

A three-year-old horse shows decreased feed consumption and discomfort while chewing. Oral examination reveals a deciduous premolar that has not fallen out when the permanent premolar erupted. What is this condition called?

Parrot mouth

Dental caries

Retained cap

Wave mouth

Diastema

Incisive papilla

During an oral examination on a dog, you notice a small, raised structure on the hard palate just caudal to the maxillary incisors. What is the structure?

Incisive papilla

Oral papilloma

Palatine raphe

Parotid gland orifice

Palatal abscess

An orbital mass affecting the right eye

Bilateral retropulsion during an ophthalmic examination of a dog identifies that the left globe moves caudally with gentle pressure, and the right globe shows markedly less caudal movement. Which condition should you suspect?

Blocked tear production in the right eye

An orbital mass affecting the right eye

Retinal detachment of the left eye

Corneal ulceration of the left eye

Variations between the two eyes is normal

Gingiva separating from tooth, creating an abnormally deep sulcus

During a dental examination, you record several periodontal pockets on the dental chart. What does a periodontal pocket indicate?

Developmental groove in the root surface of the tooth

Normal space between adjacent teeth that traps excess food debris

Gingiva separating from tooth, creating an abnormally deep sulcus

An area of enamel wear caused by chewing abrasion

Thickened gingiva caused by normal aging changes

Tertiary dentin

During an oral examination on a dog, you notice several small brown to black spots on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. The enamel surface remains smooth and intact. What do these spots most likely represent?

Dental calculus

External tooth resorption

Pulp exposure

Enamel hypoplasia

Tertiary dentin

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

An older horse presents for a dental examination because the owner reports dropping feed and resistance to the bit. You notice gingival swelling and bulbous enlargement around the incisors. Which condition will the vet discuss with the client?

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma

Temporomandibular joint luxation with secondary osteoarthritis

Chronic mandibular physeal osteomyelitis with sequestrum formation

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

Closest to the midline of head

In dental terminology, what surface of the tooth does the term “mesial” describe?

Used for chewing

Nearest to the gingival margins

Adjacent to the cheek

Closest to the midline of head

Farther from the tongue

Reduce trauma to the sow and littermates during nursing

Why may producers trim needle teeth in neonatal piglets?

Stimulate eruption of the deciduous premolars

Improve the piglets' ability to chew solid food during weaning

Reduce trauma to the sow and littermates during nursing

Prevent overgrowth of the permanent canine teeth later in life

Decrease the risk of malocclusion in adult pigs

Provide large amounts of fibrous hay for daily chewing

A client presents with her new pet rabbit. She has heard about dental malocclusion and wants to avoid it in her rabbit. Which recommendation is most appropriate?

Provide large amounts of fibrous hay for daily chewing

Trim the incisors weekly with nail clippers at home

It is genetic, but rabbits readily tolerate tooth trimming while awake

Feed primarily pelleted diets to reduce tooth wear

Offer soft fruits and vegetables to minimize oral trauma

The structures that support the tooth

What is the peridontium?

The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone beneath it

The part of the teeth visible above the gumline

The part of the teeth below the gumline

The occlusal surfaces of a tooth

The structures that support the tooth

32

How many permanent teeth are found in a normal adult cow?

40

24

30

44

32

Once yearly

How often should endodontically treated teeth in dogs and cats be re-evaluated?

It's unnecessary

Every 6 months

In 3 months, then annually

Once yearly

Every 2 years

Use adequate paste

Which of the following is the best way to minimize damage when polishing the teeth of a dog or cat?

Apply cup to tooth before starting motor

Employ frequent rinsing

Use adequate paste

Polish each tooth for 3-4 seconds

Maintain a high rpm

Root debridement and/or subgingival curettage

You perform a routine dental examination on a seven-year-old male neutered German Shepherd and he is diagnosed with grade 2 periodontal disease. After consultation with the vet, what would be the appropriate course of action?

Root debridement and/or subgingival curettage

Closed root planing

Extraction of the affected teeth

Extensive cleaning and gingival scaling

Routine dental cleaning and increased owner home care

Buccal

What is the correct term for the side of the tooth that faces the cheek?

Lingual

Buccal

Palatal

Gingival

Labial

Lagomorph

Which of the following animals has aradicular hypsodont (also known as elodont) cheek teeth and incisors?

Feline

Lagomorph

Porcine

Canine

Equine

Maxillary prognathism

Which of the following is an example of a class II malocclusion?

Rostral cross-bite

Caudal cross-bite

Mandibular mesioclusion

Lingually displaced canines

Maxillary prognathism

Mandibular

Which salivary gland is readily palpable in a dog's neck?

Zygomatic

Mandibular

Parotid

Superficial cervical

Maxillary

Buccal aspect - upper molar arcade; Lingual aspect - lower molar arcade

You are called to a farm to help do a routine dental exam and float the teeth of an eight-year-old Standardbred mare.

What parts get filed down with the rasp when a horse gets its teeth floated?

Buccal aspect - upper molar arcade; Lingual aspect - lower molar arcade

Buccal aspect - upper molar arcade; Rostral points of wolf teeth

Lingual aspect - upper molar arcade; Buccal aspect - lower molar arcade

Lingual aspect - upper molar arcade; Lingual aspect - lower molar arcade

Buccal aspect - upper molar arcade; Buccal aspect - lower molar arcade

32

How many permanent teeth are found in a normal adult goat?

30

42

40

24

32

Right maxillary quadrant

Using the Triadan system for numbering teeth, which quadrant of teeth is the 100-series?

Right maxillary quadrant

Right mandibular quadrant

This system is not used in veterinary medicine

Left mandibular quadrant

Left maxillary quadrant

5-6 months of age

At what age do wolf teeth normally erupt in horses?

5-6 months of age

At birth

9-12 months of age

Do not erupt

4-5 years of age

Curette and subgingival scaling

Match the instrument with its most correct use:

Curette and subgingival scaling

Straight-shanked instrument and molars

Periodontal probe and crown

Supragingival scaling and sickle scaler

Bent-shanked instrument and incisors

Gums, tooth root cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone of jaw

What structures make up the periodontium?

The part of the teeth below the gumline

Cheeks, tongue, nasopharynx, soft palate

Gums, tooth root cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone of jaw

Tooth root, cancellous bone of jaw, sinuses, branches of trigeminal nerve

Diastema

You are called to a farm to help do a routine dental exam and float the teeth of a five-year old Quarter horse gelding.

If you needed to put your hand into the horse's mouth, where is the best place to grip?

Lower incisors

Nasal planum

Tongue

Diastema

Horse

Which animal has radicular (open root) hypsodontic (high-crown) dentition?

Ferret

Horse

Dog

Fish

Cat

Enamel and dentin

Which of these protect teeth from bacteria?

Enamel and dentin

Sulcular fluids and pulp

Periodontal ligament and cementoenamel junction

Dentin and pulp

Enamel and cementum

Mandible is longer than maxilla

What does mandibular prognathism mean?

Irregular tooth wear causing wave mouth

Mandible is longer than maxilla

Polydontia

Wry mouth

Deciduous teeth are retained in lower jaw

104

What is the numerical classification for the canine tooth in the right maxilla in dog?

CUR4

205

404

104

305

Immune-mediated

What is the most common cause of lymphocytic-plasmacytic stomatitis in cats?

Reaction to a drug

Viral exposure

Foreign body

Immune-mediated

Uremic toxicosis

Extraction of teeth causing malocclusion

Which correctly describes interceptive orthodontics?

Use of balls to expand distance between canine teeth

Extraction of teeth causing malocclusion

Crown amputation for resorptive lesions

Wiring teeth together

Tooth extraction

Which choice is an exodontic procedure?

Full mouth radiographs

Tooth extraction

Soft tissue oral surgery

Mapping of the mouth

Hand scaling

Two sets of teeth

A diphyodont animal has what condition?

Paces at a walk

Double coat of fur

Extra dew claws

Cone and rods in the retina

Two sets of teeth

Above the gum line

Which part of a tooth is the crown?

Above the gum line

Toward the cheek

Towards the roof of the mouth

Chewing surface

Toward the tongue

Remove them

You are called to a farm to help float the teeth of a five-year-old Quarterhorse gelding. The owner is a trail rider who uses a standard metal bit when out riding.

Inside the horse's mouth, you find a pair of wolf teeth in the upper arcades. The horse has been having problems with headshaking under saddle. What should you help the vet do?

Trim the buccal points

Float them

Nothing

Remove them

Administer saline nasal drops

Horses

In which animal can age be best estimated by tooth eruption times in adults and youngsters?

Horses

Tortoises

Rodents

Cats

Dogs

There is severe root resorption

When do we perform crown amputation in a dog or cat?

Fractured canine tooth

Never

Infundibular caries are present

Only in working animals over five years of age

There is severe root resorption

Have mouth evaluated ASAP, likely pulp exposure

A client calls because her two-year-old male neutered Labrador retriever was playing in the back yard and came in with blood dripping from the mouth. She thinks it is coming from one of the teeth.

What do you tell her?

Rinse mouth with water, bring into clinic if still bleeding

Have mouth evaluated ASAP, likely pulp exposure

Schedule appointment for tooth extraction

Monitor closely for any swelling or discomfort

This is not a problem because it's a deciduous tooth

Normal in this breed

You are performing a pre-dental examination on a seven-year-old female spayed Bulldog prior to anesthesia for routine dental cleaning. Bilateral retropulsion of the eyes reveals decreased movement of the globe.

What do you suspect?

Normal in this breed

Retrobulbar abscess

Nasal neoplasia

Blocked nasolacrimal ducts

Lymphadenopathy

Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats?

Melanoma

Osteosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma

Transitional cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Chewing surface

Which part of a tooth is the occlusal surface?

Toward the tongue

Chewing surface

Towards the roof of the mouth

Above the gum line

Toward the cheek

Doxycycline

What is the antibiotic of choice for packing freshly debrided periodontal pockets in small animals?

Doxycycline

Metronidazole

Enrofloxacin

Ampicillin

Trimethoprim-sulfa

Scissor

Which choice is the best and most normal dental occlusion for the incisors in dogs and cats?

Pincer

Scissor

Anisognathic

Rugae

Plier

Pain from soft tissue impingement

What is the main concern regarding dental malocclusion in dogs and cats?

There is no reason for concern

Poor aesthetics

Increased risk of dental caries

Increased risk of periodontal disease

Pain from soft tissue impingement

Alginate

What material is used to make the initial tooth impression during treatment planning for orthodontic disease in dogs and cats?

Periapical epoxy

Alginate

Dental luxator

Oral cement

Obturate

First maxillary molar

Infundibular decay is most likely to affect which teeth in a horse?

First maxillary molar

Horses do not get infundibular decay

Canines

Last cheek teeth

Lower incisors

Mandibular and infraorbital

Into which two foramina (holes) is local anesthetic typically injected for dental nerve blocks in dogs and cats?

Vertebral and sacral

Ovale and apical

Greater sciatic and lesser Panizza

Transverse and obturator

Mandibular and infraorbital

Least traumatic

There are three kinds of scalers: magnetorestrictive, piezoelectric, and sonic.

If there is an advantage of a piezoelectric scaler over the other two kinds, what is it?

No heat build-up

Least traumatic

Avoids pitting of enamel

There is no advantage

Quieter

Salivary duct openings

You are performing a routine dental examination on a three-year-old intact female mixed breed dog.

There are a couple of bilaterally symmetrical bumps on the alveolar mucosa just dorsal to the 4th maxillary premolar and 1st molar teeth.

What are these structures?

Tonsils

Palatal rugae

Abrasions from dietary indiscretion

Vallate papillae

Salivary duct openings

Inflamed gums

The veterinarian diagnoses a dog with gingivitis. What is the problem?

Creeping eruptions

Inflamed gums

Epiglottal inflammation

Irritated eyes

Tooth root infection

Endodontic

Which type of dentistry is a root canal procedure?

Endodontic

Gingival

Prophylactic

Dental equilibration

Cosmetic

42

How many permanent teeth are found in normal dog?

42

32

24

30

44

Cytotoxicity

Why is it necessary to rinse with lactated Ringer's solution after lavaging a periodontal surgical site with 0.12% chlorhexidine in dogs and cats?

Hepatotoxcity

Cytotoxicity

Bad flavor

Gastrointestinal upset

Oral ulceration

Stage 1 (M1)

Using the Mobility Scoring Index, how would you score a tooth with mobility that was increased between 0.2 and 0.5 mm in any direction other than axial?

Stage 3 (M3)

Stage 0 (M0)

Stage 1 (M1)

Stage 2 (M2)

Stage 4 (M4)

Less fragile

There are two types of ultrasonic dental scalers -- piezoelectric and magnetostrictive.

What advantage does the magnetostrictive scaler offer over the piezoelectric one?

Does not spray vaporized debris

Produces more energy

Less fragile

Can be used as a separate hand scaler

Approved for feline use

0.5-1 mm

What is the normal depth of the gingival sulcus in cats?

1-3 mm

4-6 mm

2-5 mm

0.5-1 mm

0 mm

Caudal mandibular teeth

Which teeth are x-rayed using the parallel radiograph technique in a dog or cat?

Mandibular canines

Maxillary premolars

Caudal mandibular teeth

Maxillary incisors

Mandibular incisors

Occlusal

Which dental radiographic technique maximizes the area shown on the film, helps evaluate nasal disease, and is useful in identifying tooth remnants

Bisecting angle

Long axis

Occlusal

Reverse

Paralleling

Upper premolars

What teeth are most commonly abscessed in dogs?

Lower incisors

Lower molars

Upper canines

Lower wolf teeth

Upper premolars

Faces the cheek

What is the correct description for the buccal side of a tooth?

Faces the cheek

Faces tongue

Towards the roof of the mouth

Grinding surface

Closest to gums

109

Which tooth is the first permanent molar to erupt in the horse's 100 arcade (as numbered by the modified Triadan system, this is the right upper arcade)?

109

106

107

103

105

Sedation, speculum, light

You are called out to a stable to assist in the evaluation of a 22-year-old Thoroughbred gelding that has been losing weight and dropping feed.

Which of the following sets of equipment will the vet need to perform a thorough dental evaluation?

Twitch, ultrasound, hose

Twitch, elevator, hose

Head stand, twitch, endoscope

Sedation, float, gloves

Sedation, speculum, light

Normal finding; continue exam for source of weight loss

During a farm call, the vet is asked to evaluate a five-year-old dairy cow that has been losing weight and having some intermittent diarrhea in spite of a good appetite. A brief oral examination reveals that there are no upper incisors.

What will the owner be told?

This cow has had significant oral trauma; radiographs are necessary

This cow cannot properly chew food; should be culled

This cow cannot properly chew food; should be fed chopped silage

Normal finding; continue exam for source of weight loss

36-44

How many permanent teeth are found in a normal horse?

18-24

28-48

20-30

28-32

36-44

Malocclusion

What is wrong with this rabbit?

Malocclusion

Oral damage from excessive cage chewing

Mandibular fracture that healed poorly

Hypercalcemia

Diet too high in roughage

Remove the tooth now using an open approach

A six-month-old mixed breed dog is presented with a retained deciduous canine tooth. It does not feel loose.

Which one of the following choices is the best recommendation?

Tie a suture to the tooth and pull hard

Perform a root canal

Leave it alone, it is too early to tell if it will fall out on its own

Wait until the dog is at least a year old then remove the tooth

Remove the tooth now using an open approach

70%

What percentage of cats will develop periodontal disease by two years of age?

95%

55%

30%

5%

70%

Rare

How common are dental caries (cavities) in cats?

Seen in 25% of adults older than 5 years

Common

Often under heavy dental calculus

Seen in 85% of adults older than 7 years

Rare

Horses

In which animal can age be best estimated by tooth eruption times in adults and youngsters?

Dogs

Horses

Tortoises

Rodents

Cats

Cerclage wire behind canine teeth for 4 weeks

A seven-year-old female spayed Persian cat fell out of the window of her owner's 3rd-floor apartment. A mandibular symphyseal fracture is diagnosed.

What treatment is the vet likely to recommend?

Plate and screw fixation

A tape muzzle for 2 weeks

Cerclage wire behind canine teeth for 4 weeks

No treatment needed; offer only soft foods for 6 weeks

Acrylic bonding of maxillary 104, 204 and mandibular 304, 404

Cuffed endotracheal tube

Which of the following techniques should be employed to help prevent aspiration of fluids and debris during periodontal debridement?

Cuffed endotracheal tube

Using an ultrasonic scaler

Application of continuous suction

Tipping the nose up

Using a hand scaler

Maxilla is longer than mandible

What kind of problem does a dog with mandibular brachygnathism have?

Polydontia

Undershot jaw with exaggerated incisor wear

Dangling participles

Maxilla is longer than mandible

Mandible is torsed

Plaque

What is the white-tan substance, composed of bacteria, food, cells, and salivary glycoproteins, that accumulates around and within the gingival sulcus?

Caries

Tartar

Calculus

Plaque

Cementum

30

Cats have how many permanent teeth?

32

40

26

42

30

Maxillary incisors

Which of the following are best radiographed using the bisecting radiograph technique?

Maxillary incisors

Temporomandibular joints (TMJ)

Mandibular premolars

All deciduous teeth

Mandibular molars

Working

In which subpopulation of dogs is a metal crown most likely to be used to address repeated dental trauma?

Emotional support

Working

Sight hounds

Brachycephalics

Teacup breeds

Root canal

Which choice is an endodontic procedure?

Full mouth radiographs

Radiation therapy for oral tumors

Root canal

Tooth extraction

Soft tissue oral surgery

Dentin and pulp

Which part of the tooth is considered to be living tissue?

Lignum and cementum

Enamel and dura mater

Dentin and pulp

Sulcus and periodontal ligament

Enamel and dentin

Grinding

What is the function of molar teeth?

Holding

Cutting

Shearing

Grinding

Nibbling

Birth

At what age should horses have their first dental check?

Once geriatric, ~ 15 years

2 years

Birth

5-6 years

6-9 months

Pulp necrosis/pulpitis

A five-year-old female spayed Labrador retriever dog presents for routine vaccinations. The right upper canine tooth is discolored.

What does this typically indicate?

Dog received tetracyclines at a young age

Dog is older than indicated

Had distemper virus when a puppy

Owner feeds a home-made diet

Pulp necrosis/pulpitis

Periodontal probe

Which of these dental instruments is blunt?

Shepherd's hook

Periodontal probe

Curette scaler

Periosteal elevator

Sickle scaler

Permanent teeth stop growing after eruption

Which choice is a distinctive feature of brachydont teeth?

Large reserve crown beneath the gingival margin

Permanent teeth stop growing after eruption

Dark tooth enamel

Crown surface is much larger than the apex

Continual growth

80%

What percentage of dogs will have periodontal disease by two years of age?

100%

50%

25%

12%

80%

0-15 degrees

At what angle should the ultrasonic scaler tip be directed in relation to the long axis of a dog or cat's tooth in order to perform periodontal debridement?

45-70 degrees

70-90 degrees

0-15 degrees

It does not matter

15-45 degrees

Lower left canine

After a routine spay, the vet asks you to clean up a cat's teeth, with special attention to tooth 304.

Which tooth is that?

Lower left incisor

Lower left canine

Lower right premolar

Upper left canine

Upper right canine

Dental enamel defects

A four-month-old male mixed breed puppy is presented for a routine wellness exam after recent adoption from a shelter. The owner reports that three of the puppy's littermates died at four weeks of age and were diagnosed with canine distemper virus at necropsy.

This puppy is clinically healthy. Which sequelae might be expected in this dog?

Polyarthritis

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Dental enamel defects

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Corneal edema

Cervical region

What is the most common site of feline tooth resorption?

Occlusal crown

Apex

Cervical region

Does not occur in cats

Root surface

Smooth small scratches on the tooth surface

What is the most important reason to polish an animal's teeth after a dental cleaning?

Remove big pieces of calculus

Scale the crowns of the teeth

Remove excess gingiva

Scale tooth roots

Smooth small scratches on the tooth surface

Aradicular hypsodontic

What type of teeth do rabbits have?

Aradicular hypsodontic

None, they have a dental pad

Diphondicular brachyodontic

Radicular deciduous

Appendicular elodontic

One tip is hooked, the other is straight

How are calculus-removing forceps different from extraction forceps?

Both ends are straight

One tip is hooked, the other is straight

Spring-loaded handle

Different names for the same kind of instrument

Jaws lock