classmates questions apk

What is the “gold standard” used for measuring body composition and differentiating between fat mass and fat-free mass?

DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)

What is the myth that localizing exercise to one part of the body will result in weight loss only in that area?

Spot reduction

The average American is projected to gain a net of _________ kgs of fat mass per year after the age of 25.

0.4

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Medical condition where serum sodium concentration is below normal range of 135 to 145.

Hyponatremia

Blood doping increases ______ count, which enhances oxygen delivery and increases ______.

red blood cell; VO2max

Curcumin should be taken with ______ to improve absorption.

black pepper

Diuretics can impair ______, increasing the risk of heat-related illness.

thermoregulation

The ______ effect occurs when negative expectations lead to worse performance despite no real physical cause.

nocebo

Which substance is banned in competition by WADA?

Morphine

What is the primary performance benefit of beta-alanine?

Buffers acid to delay fatigue

A child starts a 12-week resistance training program and shows improved bench press strength. What is the primary physiological explanation?

Improved motor unit recruitment

Children show lower anaerobic peak power than adults due to lower activity of which glycolytic enzyme?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

When VO2 max is expressed relative to body weight, girls decline beginning around age 13 primarily because increasing ______ at puberty dilutes relative value.

fat mass

The process where cartilage is transformed into bone is called ______.

ossification

A child's maximal heart rate is ______ than an adult's maximal heart rate.

higher

What is the recommended amount of moderate-intensity physical activity per week for adults 65+?

150 minutes

Which type of exercise is specifically recommended to help prevent falls in older adults?

Balance activities

Peak athletic performance is typically reached at what age range?

20–30

What is the general rate of VO2max decline for sedentary older adults?

1% per year

While endurance training does not prevent muscle loss, ______ can reduce muscle atrophy and increase strength.

Resistance training

Before puberty (around ages 12–14), how do boys and girls differ in body composition?

There is little to no difference

On average, who has more fat-free mass?

Men

When strength is adjusted for fat-free mass, the difference between men and women is about:

5–15%

During submaximal exercise, women generally have:

Higher heart rate than men

What is one major benefit of exercise training for both men and women?

Loss of fat mass and gain of fat-free mass

The levels of activity associated with a reduced risk for CAD can be ______ than those needed to increase aerobic capacity.

lower

People who are active and those who are fit have ______ risk for developing HTN.

reduced

Resting blood pressure is decreased by training in individuals ______.

both with and without

Deaths during exercise are ______.

rare

Deaths during exercise in people over age 35 usually are caused by a ______ ______ resulting from atherosclerosis.

cardiac arrhythmias

(True or False) Extensive patient education can be the solution to change in healthy behavior habits.

false

Aerobic exercise ______ stroke volume % while resistance exercise has little to no change on stroke volume.

increases