Chapter 10: Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Vocabulary flashcards covering Erikson's theory, self-concept, hierarchical self-esteem, gender identity, coregulation, and moral development in middle childhood based on Chapter 10 notes.

Industry

A stage in Erikson's theory where children develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks, characterized by a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, and engagement in formal schooling and activities.

Inferiority

A stage in Erikson's theory characterized by pessimism and a lack of confidence in one's own ability to do well, often fostered by negative responses from others.

School Refusal

Severe anxiety about attending school, typically tied to maternal separation in children ages 5–7 and to specific aspects of the school environment in children ages 11–13.

Self-Concept Shifts in Middle Childhood

Developmental changes in self-description marked by a shift to trait-like psychological constructs, recognition of both positive and negative traits, frequent social comparisons, and reference to social groups.

Achievement Motivation

A child's willingness to persist at challenges, influenced by mastery-oriented versus learned-helpless attributions and growth versus fixed mindsets.

Hierarchical Structure of Self-Esteem

The organization of self-esteem in mid-elementary years into four broad categories: academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence, and physical appearance, which further divide into specific sub-domains.

Gender Identity Development (Third to Sixth Grade)

A period during middle childhood when boys' masculine identification strengthens, girls become more androgynous and explore more options, and awareness of society's greater regard for masculine traits increases.

Gender Typicality

A self-evaluation of gender identity reflecting the degree to which a child feels similar to others of the same gender.

Gender Contentedness

A self-evaluation of gender identity reflecting the degree to which a child feels satisfied and comfortable with their gender assignment.

Felt Pressure to Conform to Gender Roles

A self-evaluation of gender identity reflecting the degree to which a child feels parents and peers disapprove of their gender-atypical traits.

Coregulation

A form of supervision in middle childhood in which parents exercise general oversight while gradually shifting moment-by-moment decision-making control to the child.

Recursive Perspective Taking

The cognitive capacity to think about what other people are thinking, which enables children to gain a better understanding of varied reasons for deception.