Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on endometrial hyperplasia, carcinoma classifications, precursor lesions, and associated genetic mutations.

Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN)

A precursor lesion of endometrial carcinoma, commonly identified when endometrial hyperplasia presents with cellular atypia.

Hyperplasia without cellular atypia

Endometrial hyperplasia lacking cellular atypia that carries a low risk, between 1% and 3%, for progression to endometrial carcinoma.

Endometrial carcinoma

The most frequent cancer occurring in the female genital tract in higher-income countries, broadly divided into endometrioid and serous types.

Endometrioid carcinoma

The most common type of endometrial carcinoma, accounting for 80% of cases, arising in perimenopausal women in association with estrogen excess and endometrial hyperplasia.

Serous carcinoma

An aggressive type of endometrial carcinoma accounting for roughly 15% of tumors, arising in older postmenopausal women with endometrial atrophy, independent of unopposed estrogen.

Cowden syndrome

A condition characterized by germ line mutations in the PTEN gene that places women at high risk for developing endometrioid carcinoma.

Lynch syndrome

A condition caused by germ line mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes that predisposes women to high risk for developing endometrioid carcinoma.

Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (SEIC)

The precursor lesion to serous endometrial carcinoma in which TP53 mutations are often detected.

PTEN gene

A tumor suppressor gene whose mutations (somatic or germ line) represent early events in the stepwise development of endometrioid carcinoma.

TP53 gene

A tumor suppressor gene mutated in nearly all cases of serous endometrial carcinoma and SEIC, but whose mutation is an uncommon, late event in endometrioid carcinoma.