11 - parenting

Responsiveness in Parenting

Degree to which parents respond to a child’s needs in a supportive, accepting way.

Demandingness in Parenting

Extent to which parents expect and allow mature, responsible behavior.

Authoritative Parenting

High responsiveness and high demandingness characterized by an involved, warm approach and reasonable demands.

Authoritarian Parenting

Low responsiveness and high demandingness characterized by strict rules and punishment without consideration of the child’s opinions.

Permissive Parenting

High responsiveness and low demandingness characterized by warmth but few limits, allowing too much freedom.

Uninvolved Parenting

Low responsiveness and low demandingness characterized by detachment and minimal enforcement of rules.

Outcomes of Authoritative Parenting

Develops self-control, self-regulation, confidence, self-esteem, and autonomy.

Outcomes of Authoritarian Parenting

Fosters dependency, lack of critical thinking, and produces followers rather than leaders.

Outcomes of Permissive Parenting

Results in confusion, insecurity, low self-worth, and poor self-regulation.

Psychological Control in Parenting

Influences behavior through guilt, shame, or withholding affection.

Behavioral Control in Parenting

Influences behavior through discipline and monitoring, encouraging well-behaved children.