9W1 Assessment Review - Directional Terminology, Tissues, Skeletal & Integumentary Systems

Vocabulary flashcards covering body planes, directional terminology, feedback loops, tissue types, skeletal system structures, and integumentary system layers from the 9W1 assessment review sheet.

Sagittal plane

A body plane section that divides the body into right and left portions.

Transverse plane

A body plane section that divides the body into superior and inferior or proximal and distal portions.

Frontal plane

A body plane section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Distal vs. Proximal

Directional terms where distal refers to a position farther from the point of attachment, and proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment.

Anterior vs. Posterior

Directional terms where anterior refers to the front of the body, and posterior refers to the back of the body.

Superficial vs. Deep

Directional terms where superficial refers to a structure closer to the body surface, and deep refers to a structure farther inward.

Superior vs. Inferior

Directional terms where superior refers to a structure closer to the head or higher up, and inferior refers to a structure lower down or toward the feet.

Medial vs. Lateral

Directional terms where medial refers to a position closer to the midline of the body, and lateral refers to a position farther from the midline.

Sensor

The component in a feedback loop responsible for detecting a stimulus or change in the environment.

Control Center

The component in a feedback loop that processes incoming information from the sensor and determines the appropriate response.

Effector

The component in a feedback loop that carries out the response determined by the control center to modify the stimulus.

Simple Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue composed of a single layer of cells, typically functioning in absorption and filtration.

Stratified Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers of cells, primarily functioning in protection against wear and tear.

Neurons

Nerve cells that generate and transmit electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.

Neuroglial Cells

Non-neuronal cells in nervous tissue that protect, support, and nourish neurons.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary striated muscle tissue located exclusively in the heart wall.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary striated muscle tissue attached to bones that facilitates skeletal movement.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary non-striated muscle tissue found within the walls of hollow internal organs.

Axial Skeleton

The structural division of the skeletal system comprising the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

The structural division of the skeletal system comprising the limb bones, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.

Epiphysis

The expanded end portion of a long bone.

Diaphysis

The elongated shaft or main central portion of a long bone.

Skin Layers (Superficial to Deep)

The three structural layers of skin listed from outer to inner: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis where active cellular division occurs.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer situated deep to the dermis, composed primarily of adipose (fat) tissue.

Sudoriferous Glands

Sweat-producing exocrine glands in the skin that function in thermoregulation and waste excretion.