Week #11 (FINAL WEEK FOR EXAM YAY) Baroque Expansiveness and Global Contacts

Naturalism

Representing people and objects realistically, as they appear in nature

Example: Calling of St. Matthew or Judith slaying Holofernes

Tenebrism

Dramatic contrast between very dark shadows and brightly illuminated areas

Example:Calling of St. Matthew

Trompe L’oeil

An illusionistic technique that tricks the eye into believing a painted image is real or 3-D

-Example-Glorification of St. Ignatius

Genre painting

Artwork depicting ordinary people and everyday activities

Example: Woman Holding a Balance

Still Life

Artwork showing arranged objects such as flowers, food, and household items

Example: Dutch Baroque still-life paintings

Etching

Printmaking technique using acid to create lines in a metal plate

Example: Christ Preaching

Drypoint

Printmaking technique where an artist scratches directly into a metal plate with a sharp needle

Example: Christ Preaching

Camera Obscura

A darkened box or room that projects an outside image through a small opening.

Example: Woman Holding a Balance

David, Baroque

Bernini captures David in the middle of throwing the stone. Bernini emphasizes movement, emotion, and viewer involvement, which are characteristics of Baroque art.

-Active and moving, DURING battle, Realsitc action, Twisted, dynamic pose→Baroque!!!

-Shows psycholigcal itensity in details→furrowed brow, bitten lip, intense gaze conveys tension and docus→viewers can feel moment

-Breaks space between viewer→spatial engagement=audience is immersed-ideal of baroque of empathy and participation

-Movement and drama-imminent action

-While Michelangelo=idealized body, balanced composition, calm/controlled, BEFORE battle→Renaissance!!

Calling of St. Matthew, Baroque

-Use of dramatic lighting, realistic figures, emotional engagement. Both depict important Christian stories

-Depicts story of Jesus seeing Matthew and tells him to come with him-captures instant between heading and responding-Christ and Peter enter-beam of light strikes Matthew’s face.

-Use of Tenebrism (strong dianol beam of light) to make divine grace visible

-Christ’s outstretches hand calls-light bypasses the shuttered window-purity and holiness of Christ. Coins on table show wordly life he is called to-light ignored money and striked face and hand

-Fusion of biblical narrative, dramatic light, and everyday realism.

St. Peter’s Basillica, Renaissance

Renaissance: Wanted grander, symbolic church, -Michelangelo created double-shell dome-renaissance engineering, focused more on classical proportions, and harmony in architectural design-to enhance spiritual aesthetic experience of visitors

-Monumental architecture contribute to power, wealth, authority of Catholic church-create sense of physical grandeur

St Peters Piazza, Baroque

-Curved colonnades create movement and embrace visitors, almost like arms of church

-Human-scale columns and sorrounding architecture create welcoming physical experience→uses space and movmenet=baroque

-While Bernini-added dramatic architectural elements, had large, curved colonnades and using Bernini’s bronze baldacchino→showed church’s authority and used dramatic light, mass, movement.

Ecstasy of St. Teresa, Baroque

Use of Naturalism: the folds of the clothing, facial expressions and physical bodies look realistic

-Baroque: sculpture captures an intense religious experience through dramatic movement and emotion

Use of Trompe l’oeil: surrounding chapel combines sculpture, architecture and painted effects to create illusionistic theatrical scene→decieve the eye-look 3D

-Art work communicates spiritual experience of St. Teresa-encourages viewers to expeirence religous devotion emotionally

Judith slaying Holofernes, Baroque

Uses Naturalism: bodies, expression, b, physical struggle=realistically depicted

-Tenebrism=dark backgrounds contrast w/ brightly illuminated bodies, emphasizes violent action

-Uses dramatic movement, emotion, and intense action

-Judith saves people by killing Holofernes. Painting shows courage, strength, determination→highlght female strength

Christ Preaching, Baroque

Use of Etching (acid-based process to create lines on metal plate)

-Use of drypoint (Scratched directly into plate to create rich, dark, expressive lines)

-Tenebrism (contrast light and dark to emphasize Christ and people sorrounding him)

-The print depicts Christ preaching to people from diff social classes and backgrounds-set in puiblic space focus attention on Christ’s face and hands-sense of depth and immedicacy→emotional engagement and dramatic lighting-addressing crowd

Woman Holding a Balance, Baroque

-shows moral introspection in everyday scenes.stands at table with jewelry box spilling pearls and gold-holds empty balance in right hand, poised for measurment.

-Behind her-painting of the Last Judgment. Mirror on opposite wall symbolizes vanity-with mirror of light glowing her face-

showing spiritual clarity-moral balance-wordly possessions and spiritual devotion or self-examination-moral choice and balance

Glorification of St. Ignatius, Baroque

Use of Trompe l’oeil (illusion church ceiling opens into heavens)

-Naturalism

-Baroque=dramatic perspective, light and illusion make viewers feel surrounded by a heavenly scene

painting: glorifies St. Ignatius and the Jesuit religious mission

-Christ with cross stands-sending light to St. Ignatious-who is focal point-symbolizing closeness to Christ-reaffirms authority of the Catholic Church and the Jesuits global mission during Counter-Reformation (Ignatious light rays beams to personifications of continents)=spread of Christiniaty across continents using Baroque drama to show devotion

Elevation of the cross, Baroque

-Uses Naturalism, Tenebrism and triptych.

-Dramatizes the moment Roman soldiers and workmen riase cross on where Christ is already nails

-has Roman soldiers, laborers staining to lift cross, strained muscle contorded poses show weight of Christ’s sacrifice and burden of sin.

-Christ’s body has arm raised, gaze upward=willing acceptance=the cost of redemption in both physical and spritual terms.

-Emphasis on twisted movement, stretching, acttively moving, with intense emotions, strong contasts between light and shadow-sense od depth wanting to create emotional religious experience