circulation exam

pathway of blood supply from the subclavian artery to the hand

subclavian a --> axillary a --> brachial a --> radial a + ulnar a --> superficial and deep palmar arches --> principal a + digital arteries

subclavian a takes blood to the

axillary a

axillary a takes blood to the

brachial a

brachial splits into

radial a and ulnar a near elbow joint

what artery is the pulse at the wrist taken at

radial a at the wrist

what branches from the brachial a to supply the triceps

deep brachial a

radial a and ulnar a join to form

superficial and deep palmar arches

the superficial and deep palmar arches branch into

principal a and digital arteries

what do the princeps pollicis artery supply

thumb

what do the digital arteries supply

each of the other digits

what are the superficial veins of the upper limb

palmar digital veins, superficial venous palmar arch, median antebrachial vein, median cubital vein, basilic vein, cephalic vein

deep veins of the upper limb

radial and ulnar vein, brachial vein, axillary vein

blood flow from the fingers through superficial veins of the upper limb

palmar digital veins --> superficial venous palmar arch --> median antebrachial vein --> median cubital vein --> basilic vein --> cephalic vein

what does the palmar digital veins drain

fingers

superficial venous palmar arch travels across ________ and connects with __________

superficial venous palmar arch travels across palm and connects with deep palmar arch

what does the median antebrachial vein drain

the superficial venous palmar arch and superficial structures of the forearm

what does the median cubital vein drain

median antebrachial vein

which vein is the common blood collection site and why

median cubital vein bc it is large and easily accessible

where does the basilic vein originate

ulnar side of the hand; travels up the ulnar side of the forearm

what does the basilic vein drain and empty into

drains the ulnar side of the hand and forarm; empties into brachial vein

where does the cephalic vein originate

radial side of the hand; travels up the radial side of the forearm

what does the cephalic vein drain and empty into

drains radial side of hand and forarm; empties into axillary vein (sometimes brachial vein)

how does the cephalic vein communicate with the basilic ven

via median cubital vein

what do the radial and ulnar veins drain

deep venous palmar arch

radial and ulnar veins join to form the

brachial vein

what does the brachial vein join with and form

joins with the basilic vein to form the axillary vein

what does the axillary vein drain into

subclavian vein, then brachiocephalic vein, then superior vena cava, then the right atriujm

blood supply down the leg starting at the common iliac artery

common iliac a --> external iliac a --> femoral a --> deep femoral --> popliteal a --> anterior tibial a + posterior tibial a --> dorsal a

what does the common iliac artery branch into

external iliac a and internal iliac a

what does the external iliac a become

becomes femoral a when it passes through the abdominal cavity

what does the deep femoral a branch from

external iliac a

what does the deep femoral a supply

thigh muscles

what branches from the deep femoral a

lateral circumflex femoral a and medial circumflex femoral a

what does the lateral circumflex femoral a supply

lateral thigh muscles: vastus lateralis and intermedius, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, and head and neck of femmur

what does the medial circumflex femoral a supply

medial thigh msucles: vastus medialis, adductor brevis and magnus, gracilic, pectineus, and head and neck of femur

why do the head and neck of femur need a vast blood supply

spongy bone rilled with red bone marrow at ends of bone; need supply of blood for support and for maturation of red bone marrow to enter circualtion

what does the femoral a become and when

femoral a becomes popliteal a at the popliteal fossa behind the knee

what does the popliteal a branch into

anterior tibial a and posterior tibial a

what does the anterior tibial a pass through

interosseus membrane between the tibia and fibula

what does the anterior tibial a supply

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, dorsal surface of foot (dorsal a)

what does the posterior tibial a supply

muscles of the posterior lower foot (fibular a) and plantar surface of the foot (lateral plantar a and medial plantar a)

where are the lateral and medial genicular arteryes

branches from the popliteal artery to form a network around the knee

branches of the internal iliac artery

iliolumbar, lateral sacral, gluteal (superior, inferior), internal pudendal, middle rectal, uterine, umbillical, obturator

what does the iliolumbar artery supply

ilium and illacus muscle

what does the lateral sacral artery supply

sacrum and sacral nerves

what do the gluteal arteries supply

gluteus muscles and skin

what does the internal pudendal artery supply

inferior rectum, anal sphincters, skin

what does the middle rectal artery supply

rectum

what does the uterine artery supply

uterus

what does the umbilical artery supply

urinary bladder

what does the obturator artery supply

thigh muscles

flow of blood from the toes up through veins of the legs

dorsal digital veins and plantar digital veins --> dorsal and plantar venous arches --> anterior tibial vein --> great saphenous/small saphenous vein --> lateral and medial plantar veins --> posterior tibial veins --> anterior and posterior tibial veins join --> form popliteal vein --> popliteal and small saphenous vein join --> form femoral vein --> deep femoral joins femoral vein --> external iliac vein --> common iliac vein --> superior vena cava

what do dorsal digital veins and plantar digital veins drain into

dorsal and plantar venous arches

where does dorsal venous blood travel through after its in the dorsal arches

travels through the anterior tibial vein, great saphenous vein , or small saphenous vein

what is the longest vessel in the human body

great saphenous vein

where does plantar venous blood travel to after its in the plantar venous arches

travels through lateral and medial plantar veins to the posterior tibial veins

what do the anterior and posterior tibial veins join to form and where

join to form the popliteal vein at the popliteal fossa

what two vessels join to form the femoral vein

popliteal vein and small saphenous vein join to form the femoral vein

the deep femoral vein jjoins the

femoral vein

great saphenous vein joins the

femoral vein

once the femoral vein passes through the abdominal wall what does it become

femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein

what is the common iliac vein formed by

joining of the internal and external iliac veins

veins of the abdominal cavity:

renal veins, suprarenal veins, lumbar veins, ascending lumbar veins, inferior phrenic veins, gonadal veins, hepatic portal system, common iliac veins

what do renal veins drain

the kidneys; takes blood from kidney to inferior vena cava

what do suprarenal veins drain

adrenal glands

what do lumbar veins drain

posterior abdominal wall and lumbar spinal cord

once blood flows into the lumbar veins from the posterior abdominal wall and lumbar spinal cord, where can it go next

1) either through inferior vena cava

2) or through ascending lumbar vein

location of ascending lumbar vein

parallel to inferior vena cava; goes thtough diaphragm separately

once blood is drained into the ascending lumbar vein from the lumbar vein, where does it drain into next

azygous and/or hemiazygos veins

what do inferior phrenic veins drain

the diaphragm

what do gonadal veins drain

testes or ovaries

what does the right gonadal vein join with

inferior vena cava

what does the left gonadal vein join with

splenic vein

how does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm

through vena cava foramen in the diaphragm

what does the common iliac vein drain

legs and structures of pelvis

what is the hepatic portal system

series of veins that transports blood from abdominal organs directly to the liver

what organs are drained by the hepatic portal system

stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder

what gets first access to substances (nutrients, drugs, alcohol, toxins) absorbed from digestive tract organs

the liver

the hepatic portal system is separate from...

systemic venous circulation

when blood exits the liver, it travels through the ___________ to the ____________ toward the heart

when blood exits the liver, it travels through the hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava toward the heart

where do all the veins of the hepatic portal system converge

the hepatic portal vein between the liver and stomach

which main veins are part of the hepatic portal system

superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein, right gastric vein, cystic vein

what does the superior mesenteric vein drain

small intestine, pancreas, cecum, ascending and transverse colon, greater curvature of stomach and greater omentum

what branches drain into the superior mesenteric vein

right gastroomental vein, pancreaticoduodenal vein, middle colic vein, right colic vein, ileocolic vein, intestinal veins

what does the superior mesenteric vein join with

joins with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein

what does the splenic vein drain

spleen, pancreas, and greater curvature of stomach

what branches drain into the splenic vein

pancreatic vein and left gastroomental vein

what does the inferior mesenteric vein drain

transverse colon, descending, and sigmoid colon, and rectum

what branches drain into the inferior mesenteric vein

left colic vein, sigmoid vein, and superior rectal vein

what does the inferior mesenteric vein join

joins with the splenic vein to merge at the hepatic portal vein

which two vessels join separately from the other veins of the hepatic portal system

right gastric vein and cystic vein

what does the right gastric vein drain

lesser curvature of stomach

what does the cystic vein drain

gallbladder

both the right gastric vein and the cystic vein empty separately into the

hepatic portal vein

what are liver lobules

filtration units of the liver

what is the portal triad of the liver

hepatic portal venule, hepatic arteriole, bile ductule

what are sinusoids of the liver

capillaries between hepatocytes that carry blood from portal venule and hepatic arteriole to central vein

what are the two cell types along sinusoids

kupffer cells and hepatocytes

what do kupffer cells do

break down old RBCs

functions of hepatocytes

- absorb glucose to store as glycogen

- break down amino acids into fatty acids

-have enzymes to metabolize drugs and alcohol

- metabolize hormones to keep levels in check

- regulate blood clotting