chapter7

Articles of Confederation

1st frame of government for US, in effect 1781

Ordinance of 1784

law drafted by Thomas Jefferson that regulated land ownership & defined the terms by which western land could be marketed & settled

Ordinance of 1785

law that regulated land sales in the Old Northwest, land was divided into 640 acre plots & sold $1 per acre

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

law that created the Northwest Territory (area north of Ohio River & west of Pennsylvania), conditions included a Bill of Rights & prohibited slavery

empire of liberty

idea that the US would expand liberty as it spread west across the continent

Shays's Rebellion

attempted rebellion by MA farmer Daniel Shays + 1.2K people seeking debt relief through issuance of paper currency & lower taxes to prevent courts from seizing property from indebted farmers

Constitutional Convention

meeting in Philadelphia from May 25

Virginia Plan

Virginia's delegation to Constitutional Convention's plan for a strong central government & a 2

New Jersey Plan

NJ's delegation to Constitutional Convention's plan for 1 legislative body w/ equal representation for each state

federalism

system of government in which power is divided between the central government & the states

division of powers

division of political power between the state & federal governments under the US Constitution

checks and balances

a systematic balance to prevent any one branch of the national government from dominating the 2 branches

separation of powers

feature of the US Constitution in which power is divided between executive, legislative, judicial branches

three

fifths clause

The Federalist

collection of 85 essays that appeared in NY press in 1787

Anti

Federalists

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments of the Constitution

Treaty of Greenville

1795 treaty under which representatives of 12 Native nations ceded most of Ohio & Indiana to the Federal government

annuity system

system of yearly payments to Native American nations by which the federal government justified & institutionalized its interference in Indian tribal affairs

assimilation

a series of efforts by the US to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American culture

gradual emancipation

series of acts passed in state legislatures in the North in the years following the Revolution that freed slaves

Notes on the State of Virginia

Thomas Jefferson's book that claimed, among other things, that Black people were incapable of becoming citizens & living alongside white people