General Cell Biology Lecture Notes

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering general cell structure, theory, organelles, microscopes, and cell functions based on the lecture notes.

According to cell theory, all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from __________ cells.

preexisting

Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of __________ concentration.

lower

The three domains of life listed are Archaea, __________, and Eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes

The __________ states that organelles inside eukaryotic cells started as independent, free-living prokaryotic microbes that were “eaten” by a larger host cell.

endosymbiotic theory

There are __________ micrometers in 1 meter.

1,000,000

__________ is defined as the ability to distinguish between 2 objects.

Resolution

A __________ electron microscope is used to study the detailed architecture of cell surfaces.

scanning

A transmission electron microscope is used to study details of __________ cell structure.

internal

As organisms get larger, their surface area to volume ratio __________.

decreases

Prokaryotes, which include bacteria and archaea, lack membrane bound organelles and have no __________.

nucleus

In plant cells, root cells and __________ lack chloroplasts.

rafflesia

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of __________.

cellulose

The __________ system consists of the nuclear envelope and organelles that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

endomembrane

The nucleus contains the __________, which makes ribosomes.

nucleolus

Known as the “powerhouse of the cell,” the mitochondria generate most of the cell's chemical energy in the form of __________.

ATP

A membrane-bound enclosed sac of digestive enzymes that acts as a recycling center and is found only in animal cells is the __________.

lysosome

The __________ in plant cells helps the cell grow by absorbing water, stores water, and maintains pressure in the cell.

central vacuole

In protozoa, __________ vacuoles get smaller and bigger because of water.

contractile

The __________ consists of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to give the cell its shape.

cytoskeleton

The organelle that modifies proteins, makes packages, and ships proteins using vesicles to their final destination is the __________.

Golgi apparatus

The __________ endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes, makes lipids, detoxifies harmful chemicals and drugs, and regulates carb metabolism.

smooth

The specialized smooth ER found in muscle cells is known as the __________.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The __________ is the protected cover around the cell described as having life on the inside and nonlife on the outside.

plasma membrane

Cilia and flagella function like __________.

oars