Arts and Sciences Comprehensive Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key topics in science, social studies, world and US history, fine arts, and music from the lecture notes.

Anemometer

An instrument used to measure wind speed.

Convection

The movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture, which results in thunderstorms.

Enzyme

A protein that aids biochemical reactions.

Scientific Method

A four-step investigative process consisting of observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants take energy from sunlight to create food.

Germination

The stage of the plant life cycle in which seeds develop into seedlings.

Survival of the Fittest

The evolutionary principle that the organism best fit for the environment survives.

Carnivore

An organism that eats meat and plants according to the lecture notes.

Herbivore

An organism that relies primarily on plants for food.

Metamorphosis

The developmental process where a larva goes through changes to mature.

Symbiosis

A mutually beneficial relationship between two animals.

Parasitism

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

Mitosis

A form of cell division that creates two new identical cells.

Meiosis

A form of cell division in which a cell divides to form $4$ non-identical cells.

Cell

The fundamental unit of all life that contains DNA.

Weathering

The physical, chemical, and biological processes by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy stating that European countries are forbidden to take over land in the Western Hemisphere.

Feudalism

A system originating in the Middle Ages where people, mostly poor, worked on the land in order to live there.

Democracy

A system of rule by majority, originating in classical Greece and Rome.

Republic

A system of rule by law that started in India; the USA operates as a republic with representative democracy.

Oligarchy

A form of government characterized by rule by a few wealthy people or groups.

Theocracy

A form of government characterized by rule by a representative of God.

Monarchy

A form of government characterized by rule by an absolute ruler known as a monarch.

Amendment 1

The constitutional amendment guaranteeing fundamental freedoms: speech, petition, assembly, and religion.

Amendment 4

The constitutional amendment outlining rights before getting arrested regarding search and arrest, requiring reasonable searches with a warrant.

Amendment 5

The constitutional amendment establishing rights after being arrested, known as due process.

Amendment 19

The constitutional amendment that granted women's suffrage.

Indian Removal Act of 1828

Legislation signed by Andrew Jackson to displace Native Americans from lands so the US could conquer, characterized as basically a genocide.

Battle of Gettysburg

The Civil War battle with the largest number of casualties and the turning point of the war.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order delivered by Abraham Lincoln that declared all slaves are free.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark supreme court decision that addressed the tyranny of the majority and desegregated public schools.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The ruling that established separate but equal segregation, stopping African Americans from being in the same places as white people.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace agreement signed after World War I ($1914-1918$) that forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war and pay reparations.

Allies (World War II)

The international coalition during World War II comprising Britain, the US, China, and the Soviet Union.

Axis (World War II)

The alliance of powers during World War II consisting of Germany, Japan, and Italy.

1957

A significant year in which President Eisenhower deployed federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas for forced integration of public schools, and Sputnik became the first Earth-orbiting satellite.

1968

A pivotal historical year marked by the assassinations of both Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy.

Rocking

A non-locomotor movement skill.

René Magritte

An artist known for the work depicting a big apple that is too big for the room.

Georgia O'Keeffe

An artist known for abstract paintings of flowers and skulls.

Marc Chagall

An artist known for incorporating symbolism, cubism, and surrealism into his work.

Edgar Degas

An artist widely known for his artwork depicting ballet dancers.

Jackson Pollock

An artist identified with the style of abstract impressionism.

Andy Warhol

An American painter known for artwork featuring repetition and bright colors.

Vincent van Gogh

An artist celebrated for his distinctive use of color and movement.

Pablo Picasso

An artist associated with cubism and works depicting the Spanish war.

Michelangelo

An Italian painter recognized for works featuring biblical nature.

Leonardo da Vinci

An Italian painter famous for creating the Mona Lisa.

Clef Note

A musical symbol designating pitch.

Harmony

The combination of two or three musical tones played together.

Key

A structured system of musical notes or tones.

Measure

A rhythmic segment in music containing two, three, or four beats.

Melody

A sequence of single musical tones.

Pitch

The specific frequency of a musical note.

Rhythm

The fundamental element of time in music.

Scale

A series of successive notes belonging to a key.

Tempo

The speed at which a piece of music is played.